We estimate a theory-based modified gravity model to analyze the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) to China on FDI to other countries over the period [1990][1991][1992][1993][1994][1995][1996][1997][1998][1999][2000][2001][2002][2003][2004]. Our results suggest that on average, ceteris paribus, FDI flows to China have been complementary to FDI flows to other countries. However, these complementarities exhibit a decreasing trend over time and vary between and within country groups. Furthermore, our results suggest that while the FDI to China has encouraged both horizontal and vertical FDI to other countries, these FDI complementarities have been strongest in the case of vertical FDI. Tong, 2006a, 2006b;Cravino, Lederman and Olarreaga, 2007;García-Herrero and Santabárbara, 2007). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth analysis of the effects of FDI in China on the FDI inflows into EU countries.Our results suggest that on average, ceteris paribus, FDI inflows into China have been complementary to FDI inflows into other countries. This complementary effect is less intense in the EU than in the other recipient countries; it exhibits a decreasing trend over time and varies across countries. Furthermore, our findings suggest that complementary relationships with China are more likely to occur in countries that attract high levels of vertical FDI in comparison with countries where horizontal FDI dominate.The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 discusses the theoretical and empirical background for our analysis. Section 3 explains our empirical strategy and the model specifications. In section 4 we describe the data set that we use. The results of our