The Gillette Stadium Experience: A Retrospective Review of Mass Gathering Events From 2010 to 2015

Goldberg, Scott A; Maggin, Jeremy; Molloy, Michael; Baker, Olesya; Sarin, Ritu R.; Kelleher, Michael J.; Mont, Kevin; Fajana, Adedeji; Goralnick, Eric

doi:10.1017/dmp.2018.7

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In addition, other factors such as age, gender, type of event, and weather conditions have an important role in the patient presentation and required health care. 73 The results of our review indicate that the health conditions of participants in the MGs are related to the type of MG. On the other hand, it seems that the basic characteristics of participants in each type of MG are different. For example, the participants of the Hajj are older than those in other MGs, therefore, chronic diseases may be an additional threat for these participants and health care providers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Public Health Threats in Mass Gatherings: A Systematic Review

Karami

Doosti-Irani

Ardalan

et al. 2019

Disaster med. public health prep.

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Mass gatherings (MGs) are held throughout the world. The aim of this review was to assess and identify the health threats based on the type of the MG, type of diseases, and injuries. Research platforms such as Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus were searched through June 2017. All epidemiologic studies that investigated the health threats during the MGs, such as communicable diseases, injuries, high-risk behaviors, and environmental health problems, were included in this review. Out of 1264 references, 45 articles were included in the review.Three main types of MGs include religious, festival, and sporting event; and fairs such as trade, book, and agricultural types were also reported in the selected studies. In the religious MGs, infectious diseases were the most common health threat. Road traffic accidents and environmental health problems were additional health threats. At MG sporting events, injuries were the most common health problems. Infectious diseases and alcohol and drug-related disorders were other reported public health concerns. In the festival MGs, alcohol and drug-related problems were commonly reported. This review showed that health threats vary, based on the type of mass gathering. The health organizers of MGs should consider the type of the MG and the health needs and safety of the participants to help them plan their action and provide the needed health care services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Public Health Threats in Mass Gatherings: A Systematic Review

Karami

Doosti-Irani

Ardalan

et al. 2019

Disaster med. public health prep.

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“…Thus, temperature was identified as a potential contributor to spectator medicine in outdoor events. Goldberg et al reported that, for cold weather events, transport rates increased at colder temperatures [ 20 ]. Feldman et al reported that in Ontario’s Golden Horseshoe region during the 2015 Pan American and Parapan American Games 7827 more patients visited the physician’s office on days with a daily maximum temperature of 35 °C than of 25 °C [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectator medicine at an international mega sports event: Rugby World Cup 2019 in Japan

Tajima

Takazawa

Yamada

et al. 2020

Environ Health Prev Med

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Background The Rugby World Cup (RWC) is one of the biggest international mega sports events in the world. This study was conducted to identify and evaluate the volume, nature, and severity of spectator medical care in the stadiums of 12 venues across Japan during RWC 2019. Method This was a retrospective review of medical records from spectator medical rooms of 45 official matches of RWC 2019 between September 20 and November 2, 2019. All patients in the stadium who visited the spectator medical room and were transferred to a hospital were included. The wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) value at the kick-off time of each match, the number of visits to the spectator medical room, and the number of transfers to a hospital were reviewed and analyzed. The patient presentation rate (PPR) was calculated per 10,000 attendees. Severity categories were defined as mild or severe. Mild cases were considered non-life threatening requiring minimal medical intervention, and severe cases required transport to a hospital. Result The total number of visits to the spectator medical room was 449 with a PPR of 2.63. Most cases (91.5%) were mild in severity. The PPR was significantly higher for the matches held with a WBGT over 25 °C than for the matches under 21 °C (PPR 4.27 vs 2.04, p = 0.04). Thirty-eight cases were transferred to a hospital by ambulance; the PPR was 0.22. The most common reasons for transfer to the hospital were heat illness and fracture/dislocation, at a rate of 15.8% each. The incidence rate of cardiopulmonary arrest per 10,000 attendees was 0.0059 during RWC 2019. Conclusion Preparation and provision of appropriate medical service for spectators is a key factor for mass-gathering events. During RWC 2019, the majority (91.5%) of patients who sought medical attention did so for minor complaints, which were easily assessed and managed. On the other hand, a higher WBGT situation contributes significantly to an increased PPR (< 21 versus > 25, 2.04 versus 4.27, p = 0.04). Careful medical preparation, management, and development of public education programs for higher WBGT situations will be required in the future for similar international mega sports events.

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“…Concerts, compared to sporting games, festivals, and entertainment events, generated the highest PPRs. 16 The availability of alcohol and other drugs is correlated to this finding, considering that almost twice as many patients presented for medical attention for intoxication at concerts compared with the other events. 16…”

Section: Event Typementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Environmental factors that influence patient presentations at mass gatherings, and are reported in the literature, include crowd attendance and density, venue characteristics (unbound versus bound; extended or focused; and local terrain), type of event, outdoor or indoor, weather (temperature and humidity), availability of alcohol or drugs, and whether attendees are predominantly seated or mobile. 5 There are many different ways of reporting environmental variables within the literature; these include wind speed, 6 dew point, [7][8][9][10] time of day and day of week, 7,11 air quality, [12][13][14] precipitation, 9,10,[14][15][16][17] Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature index (WBGT), 18 historical data, 7,8,11,12,17,[19][20][21][22] cold weather, 7,14,15,17,[23][24][25][26] allergic reactions, 27 availability of free water, 8,19,24,28 altitude, 15 and the presence of ethanol. 7,17,20,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Influences on Patient Presentations: Considerations for Research and Evaluation at Mass-Gathering Events

Hutton

Ranse

Gray

et al. 2019

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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Aim:This paper discusses the need for consistency in mass-gathering research and evaluation from an environmental reporting perspective.Background:Mass gatherings occur frequently throughout the world. Having an understanding of the complexities of mass gatherings is important to inform health services about the possible required health resources. Factors within the environmental, psychosocial, and biomedical domains influence the usage of health services at mass gatherings. A minimum data set (MDS) has been proposed to standardize collection of biomedical data across various mass gatherings, and there is a need for an environmental component. The environmental domain includes factors such as the nature of the event, availability of drugs or alcohol, venue characteristics, and meteorological factors.Method:This research used an integrative literature review design. Manuscripts were collected using keyword searches from databases and journal content pages from 2003 through 2018. Data were analyzed and categorized using the existing MDS as a framework.Results:In total, 39 manuscripts were identified that met the inclusion criteria.Conclusion:In collecting environmental data from mass gatherings, there must be an agreed-upon MDS. A set of variables can be used to collect de-identified environmental variables for the purpose of making comparisons across societies for mass-gathering events (MGEs).

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The Gillette Stadium Experience: A Retrospective Review of Mass Gathering Events From 2010 to 2015

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Public Health Threats in Mass Gatherings: A Systematic Review

Public Health Threats in Mass Gatherings: A Systematic Review

Spectator medicine at an international mega sports event: Rugby World Cup 2019 in Japan

Environmental Influences on Patient Presentations: Considerations for Research and Evaluation at Mass-Gathering Events

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