The glaciers climate change initiative: Methods for creating glacier area, elevation change and velocity products

Paul, Frank; Bolch, Tobias; Kääb, Andreas; Nägler, Thomas; Nuth, Christopher; Scharrer, K.; Shepherd, A.; Strozzi, Tazio; Ticconi, Francesca; Bhambri, Rakesh; Berthier, Étienne; Bevan, Suzanne; Gourmelen, Noël; Heid, T.; Jeong, Sang Seom; Kunz, Matthias; Lauknes, Tom Rune; Luckman, Adrian; Boncori, John Peter Merryman; Moholdt, Geir; Muir, Alan; Neelmeijer, Julia; Rankl, Melanie; VanLooy, Jeffrey A.; Niel, Tom Van

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.043

Cited by 296 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…We applied both SAR interferometry (InSAR) (Goldstein et al, 1993;Joughin et al, 1996) as well as the SAR offsettracking method (Strozzi et al, 2002;Rignot et al, 2011;Paul et al, 2013) in order to estimate glacier velocities. The InSAR method measures displacement in the radar line-ofsight (LOS) direction, with a precision of the order of millimetres to centimetres, while offset tracking provides information about azimuth and range surface displacements, with a precision of the order of decimetres to metres.…”

Section: Velocity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used a cross-correlation-based method to estimate range and azimuth offsets between pairs of SAR data acquired in the same geometry (Paul et al, 2013). The input SAR data from each sensor were coregistered to a reference geometry, and the range and azimuth shifts were estimated by searching for the maximum of the two-dimensional correlation function estimated by using rectangular matching window sizes uniformly distributed over the image frame.…”

Section: Offset-tracking Processing Of Sar Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surge dynamics in the Nathorstbreen glacier system, Svalbard

2014

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Abstract. Nathorstbreen glacier system (NGS) recently experienced the largest surge in Svalbard since 1936, and this was examined using spatial and temporal observations from DEM differencing, time series of surface velocities from satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and other sources. The upper basins with maximum accumulation during quiescence corresponded to regions of initial lowering. Initial speed-up exceeded quiescent velocities by a factor of several tens. This suggests that polythermal glacier surges are initiated in the temperate area before mass is displaced downglacier. Subsequent downglacier mass displacement coincided with areas where glacier velocity increased by a factor of 100-200 times (stage 2). After more than 5 years, the joint NGS terminus advanced abruptly into the fjord during winter, increasing velocities even more. The advance was followed by up-glacier propagation of crevasses, indicating the middle and subsequently the upper part of the glaciers reacting to the mass displacement. NGS advanced ∼15 km, while another ∼3 km length was lost due to calving. Surface lowering of ∼50 m was observed in some up-glacier areas, and in 5 years the total glacier area increased by 20 %. Maximum measured flow rates were at least 25 m d −1 , 2500 times quiescent velocity, while average velocities were about 10 m d −1 . The surges of Zawadzkibreen cycle with ca. 70-year periods.

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Section: Velocity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Offset-tracking Processing Of Sar Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Surge dynamics in the Nathorstbreen glacier system, Svalbard

2014

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“…(0.71% a -1 ) (Paul et al, 2015;X. Yao et al, 2012), glacier shrinkage in the CNR has been larger than in…”

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confidence: 94%

“…Mountains and error estimation was performed by comparing the results with high-resolution aerial 32 imagery at the terminus (Paul et al, 2015). The uncertainties were no more than 6 and 7.5 m in 1968 33 and 2016, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Remote-sensing estimate of glacier mass balance over the central Nyainqentanglha Range during 1968 – ∼ 2013

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. With high air temperatures and annual precipitation, maritime glaciers in southeastern Tibetgreater on the debris-covered ice than the clean ice. Surface-elevation changes can be influenced by ice 28 cliffs, as well as debris cover, and land-or lake-terminating glaciers and supraglacial lakes. Changes 29 showed spatial and temporal heterogeneity and a substantial correlation with climate warming. 31 Introduction 32The Tibetan Plateau (TP), known as the roof of the world or Third Pole, contains the largest 33 concentration of glaciers and icefield outside the Polar Regions . Meltwater from these 34 feeds the headwaters of many prominent Asian rivers (e.g., the Yellow, Yangtze, Mekong, Salween, 35Brahmaputra, Ganges and Indus) (Immerzeel et al., 2010), and are a key component of the cryospheric 36 system (Li et al., 2008). Glaciers are important climate indicators because their extent and thickness 37 adjust in response to climate change (Oerlemans, 1994; T. Yao et al., 2012). With a warming climate, Ke et al., 2015;Neckel et al., 2014; T. Yao et al., 2012). The 1 relationships between glacier mass balance and climate change, water supply and the risk of 2 glacier-related disasters, are the subject of much current research. 3It is difficult to carry out in-situ observations on the Tibetan Plateau due to its rugged terrain and 4 the great labor and logistical costs. Only 15 glaciers have decades of mass-balance measurements (T. 5Yao et al., 2012). Fortunately, new methods are now available for estimating large-scale glacier mass 6 balance, such as satellite geodesy. By comparing topographic data from more than two points in time, 7glacier volume or height changes can be determined and thence glacier mass balance, after 8 consideration of ice/firn/snow densities (Bolch et al., 2011; Gardelle et al., 2013; Kä ä b et al., 2012; 9 Paul et al., 2015;Pieczonka et al., 2013; Shangguan et al., 2014). 10Glaciers in south-eastern Tibet are reportedly of the temperate (maritime) type and are influenced 11 by the South Asian monsoon (Li et al., 1986; Shi and Liu, 2000). Based on inventories from maps and 12 remote sensing, or field measurements, a substantial reduction in glacier area and length has been et al., 2013). However, the 24 lack of local mass-balance measurements means details on the specific response of these glaciers to 25 climate change were lacking, especially for the western region which is the central Nyainqentanglha 26Range (CNR). Bistatic SAR interferometry is an alternative method to optical photogrammetry and 27 altimetry for analysing topographic change. TanDEM-X was launched in 2010 to join its twin satellite, 28TerraSAR-X, and operates with it in bistatic mode. This mode overcomes the temporal decorrelation 29and atmospheric-delay disturbance associated with conventional repeat-pass interferometry (Jaber et al., TanDEM-X elevation model, glaciers were determined to have experienced strong surface lowering in 32 the CNR, at an average rate of -0.83 ± 0.57 m a -1 from 2000(Neckel et al.,...

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Greenland ice sheet annual motion insensitive to spatial variations in subglacial hydraulic structure

Tedstone

Nienow

Gourmelen

et al. 2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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We present ice velocities observed with global positioning systems and TerraSAR‐X/TanDEM‐X in a land‐terminating region of the southwest Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) during the melt year 2012–2013, to examine the spatial pattern of seasonal and annual ice motion. We find that while spatial variability in the configuration of the subglacial drainage system controls ice motion at short timescales, this configuration has negligible impact on the spatial pattern of the proportion of annual motion which occurs during summer. While absolute annual velocities vary substantially, the proportional contribution of summer motion to annual motion does not. These observations suggest that in land‐terminating margins of the GrIS, subglacial hydrology does not significantly influence spatial variations in net summer speedup. Furthermore, our findings imply that not every feature of the subglacial drainage system needs to be resolved in ice sheet models.

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The glaciers climate change initiative: Methods for creating glacier area, elevation change and velocity products

Cited by 296 publications

References 116 publications

Surge dynamics in the Nathorstbreen glacier system, Svalbard

Surge dynamics in the Nathorstbreen glacier system, Svalbard

Remote-sensing estimate of glacier mass balance over the central Nyainqentanglha Range during 1968 – ∼ 2013

Greenland ice sheet annual motion insensitive to spatial variations in subglacial hydraulic structure

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