The Glasgow Climate Conference (COP26)

Abstract

After over a decade of international efforts to include the ocean in the policy discussions at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) annual Conference of the Parties (COP), the ocean has finally been included by, inter alia, a reference to ‘ocean-based action’ in a series of COP outcomes, notable among which is the cover decisions known as the ‘Glasgow Climate Pact’. This article provides the necessary background to the inclusion of the ocean in COP26 outcomes, including the Pact, and examines key issues, impacts and shortfalls of the Pact and other COP26 outcomes, including mitigation, adaptation, finance and human rights. It concludes with suggestions for priority research areas moving forward.

Data Driven Pathway Analysis and Forecast of Global Warming and Sea Level Rise

“…The conference participants agreed to a new climate deal, the Glasgow Climate Pact, aiming to keep GMST within 1.5°C above its pre-industrial levels. According to the preliminary scienti c analysis, it is essential that the anthropogenic CO 2 emission should decrease by 45% by 2030 relative to its 2010 level, and the anthropogenic CH 4 emission should decrease by 30% by 2030 relative to its 2020 level in order to achieve this goal 29,30 . However, several studies [31][32][33] have since questioned the su ciency of the COP26 guidelines.…”

Cumbre del Cambio climático 2021: más escepticismo que compromisos

“…Los compromisos de la COP26 quedaron plasmados en ocho apartados, con 71 puntos, que contiene el Acuerdo: Ciencia y urgencia (1-4); adaptación (5-9); financiamiento de la adaptación (10)(11)(12)(13)(14); mitigación (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21); finanzas, transferencia de tecnología y construcción de capacidad para la mitigación y la adaptación (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36); pérdida y daño (37-45); implementación (46-52); y colaboración (53-71) (8).…”

“…La inclusión de los ecosistemas oceánicos (12) en el Acuerdo fue la consecuencia de la denuncia sobre la precaria situación de los pequeños Estados-insulares, representados por las islas Maldivas: para ellos la urgencia es más perentoria, ya que estarían expuestos a la desaparición como consecuencia del aumento del nivel del mar, ocasionado por el cambio climático. Pero también, gracias a la COP26, se firmó una Declaración para crear la Reserva Marítima del Pacífico, como una gran área protegida como un corredor libre de pesca de más de 500.000 km 2 (13).…”

Analysis of the economic feasibility of different floating offshore renewable energies in Canary Islands

“…The generation of energy for both domestic and industrial use through the use of fossil resources generates very significant amounts of greenhouse gases, so this type of energy source must be improved or replaced by others with less environmental impact [4]- [6]. At the environmental conference held in Glasgow (United Kingdom) on November 1, 2021 [7], [8] one of the objectives to be achieved is the so-called "objective 55" [9] that establishes the reduction of greenhouse gases by at least 55% by 2030 and achieve climate neutrality by 2050. To do this, within this objective there is talk of accelerating the implementation of renewable energies as the main sources of energy, trying to reach in 2030 that 40% of the energy produced is through renewable sources [7].…”

“…At the environmental conference held in Glasgow (United Kingdom) on November 1, 2021 [7], [8] one of the objectives to be achieved is the so-called "objective 55" [9] that establishes the reduction of greenhouse gases by at least 55% by 2030 and achieve climate neutrality by 2050. To do this, within this objective there is talk of accelerating the implementation of renewable energies as the main sources of energy, trying to reach in 2030 that 40% of the energy produced is through renewable sources [7]. Within renewable energies we can classify them into onshore and offshore and this second medium is the least known for the development of these technologies, despite the fact that most of the planet is made up of 70% water.…”