The glaze production technology of an early Ottoman pottery (mid-14th(?)-16th century): The case of ‘Miletus Ware’

Burlot, Jacques; Waksman, S.Y.; Bellot‐Gurlet, Ludovic; Franci, Gülsu Şimşek

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102073

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This raises the possibility of another alkali source. The alkali springs of Western Anatolia are now recognised as an important source of the alkali in Byzantine and Islamic glass found in Turkey (Schibille 2011, Rehren et al 2015, Swan et al 2018) and also were the source of the alkali used in the glazes of Iznik ceramics (Tite et al 2015) and possibly the preceding Miletus ware (Burlot et al 2020). There are abundant deposits of white-firing kaolinitic clay in the same region (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An early Byzantine alkali glazing tradition? Discussion of P. Armstrong (2020). The earliest glazed ceramics in constantinople: A regional or international phenomenon? Journal of archaeological science: Reports, 29, 102,078

Freestone

2021

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An early Byzantine alkali glazing tradition? Discussion of P. Armstrong (2020). The earliest glazed ceramics in constantinople: A regional or international phenomenon? Journal of archaeological science: Reports, 29, 102,078

Freestone

2021

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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“…Examination of colours other than yellow, red and 'white' confirms the classification with Iranian productions less rich in lead. We know that the borax which also provides more or less sodium and lithium was used for Anatolian productions [48] and this may explain differences between boron-based and boron-free glaze. Unfortunately, only the PIGE technique can measure the Li and B content in a non-invasive way and hence data are missing.…”

Section: Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timurid, Ottoman, Safavid and Qajar Ceramics: Raman and Composition Classification of the Different Types of Glaze and Pigments

Colomban

Franci

2023

Minerals

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Raw materials significantly determine the final composition and properties of a fired ceramic. Raman analysis which characterizes micro- and nanostructures of (coloured) glazes, opacified or not, was applied to shards mostly collected before the 1960s, currently at the Louvre Museum, originated in Anatolia, the Caucasus, Iran and Central Asia, which are, for most of them, characterized by the use of black lines to separate coloured areas, and dated to the period between the 12th and 19th centuries. Measurements were carried out in the laboratory with a blue laser excitation and/or on the conservation site with a mobile device (green laser). Three types of glazes were identified by their nanostructure of the silicate network: (i) a lead-rich glaze analogous to that of Byzantine, Zirid to Hafsid and al-Andalus productions, (ii) a lead-alkali glaze typical of the Ottoman productions of Iznik-Kütahya, and (iii) a mixed (poor lead/lead-free)-alkali glaze typical of Safavid productions. The colour determines the precise composition of the glaze. The identification is not only based on the signature of the stretching mode of the SiO4 tetrahedron (position of the wavenumber of the component(s)) but also on the position and shape of the continuous luminescence of the Raman background, characteristic of the raw materials used. Lead-tin yellow, Fe-rich, Mn-rich and Cr-rich black pigments and opacifiers made of cassiterite and wollastonite were also identified. The results (type of glaze and deduced processing temperature) were discussed in the light of the ternary phase diagrams visualizing elemental composition determined in previous works and the microstructure examination on the polished section (defining single or multistep firing cycles). Continuity was highlighted on the one hand between the tiles of bursa, Edirne and Istanbul (Ottoman Iznik-like production) and on the other hand between those of Samarkand area (Timurid) and Iran. The procedure was then applied in the study of three objects (two dishes and a bowl) which are very representative of the productions of the Turkish-Persian cultural areas: a polychrome mina’i cup with decoration representing a rider, an Ottoman Iznik fritware with polychrome floral decoration, and a blue-and-white Safavid ceramic with a decoration representing a shrub.

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“…It is argued that incoming artisans took over certain areas of craft production (Erdoğru 1997), but their involvement was not particularly obvious in pottery production, at least not among the glazed wares under study. Whereas the use of lead antimonate as glaze colourant by the Famagusta production points to the possible exchange of influence or raw materials from Anatolia (Constantinescu et al 2014), other technical aspects of the sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Famagusta and Lapithos productions seem to have had little in common with Iznik and Miletus wares, the better-known examples of Ottoman pottery (Burlot et al 2020;Henderson 1989;Paynter et al 2004;Tite et al 2016). In fact, some technical practices exhibited certain extents of continuity, as seen in the glaze preparation method of the Lapithos production, suggesting that technological changes occurred gradually by mixing local practices with new elements, possibly inspired by external contacts.…”

Section: The Developments Of Glazed Ware Productions In Medieval and Post-medieval Cyprusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins and evolution of Cypriot glazed ware productions during the thirteenth to seventeenth centuries CE

Ting

Rehren

Vionis

et al. 2021

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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This paper challenges the conventional characterisation of glazed ware productions in the eastern Mediterranean, especially the ones which did not feature the use of opaque or tin-glazed technology, as technologically stagnant and unsusceptible to broader socio-economic developments from the late medieval period onwards. Focusing on the Cypriot example, we devise a new approach that combines scientific analyses (thin-section petrography and SEM-EDS) and a full consideration of the chaîne opératoire in context to highlight the changes in technology and craft organisation of glazed ware productions concentrating in the Paphos, Famagusta and Lapithos region during the thirteenth to seventeenth centuries CE. Our results indicate that the Paphos production was short-lived, lasting from the establishment of Frankish rule in Cyprus in the thirteenth century to the aftermath of the fall of the Crusader campaigns in the fourteenth century. However, glazed ware production continued in Famagusta and Lapithos from the late thirteenth/fourteenth centuries through to the seventeenth century, using technical practices that were evidently different from the Paphos production. It is possible that these productions were set up to serve the new, local demands deriving from an intensification of commercial activities on the island. Further changes occurred to the technical practices of the Famagusta and Lapithos productions around the 16th/17th centuries, coinciding with the displacement of populations and socio-political organisation brought by the Ottoman rule.

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The glaze production technology of an early Ottoman pottery (mid-14th(?)-16th century): The case of ‘Miletus Ware’

Abstract: The glaze production technology of an early Ottoman pottery (mid-14th (?)-16th century): The case of 'Miletus Ware'

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

An early Byzantine alkali glazing tradition? Discussion of P. Armstrong (2020). The earliest glazed ceramics in constantinople: A regional or international phenomenon? Journal of archaeological science: Reports, 29, 102,078

An early Byzantine alkali glazing tradition? Discussion of P. Armstrong (2020). The earliest glazed ceramics in constantinople: A regional or international phenomenon? Journal of archaeological science: Reports, 29, 102,078

Timurid, Ottoman, Safavid and Qajar Ceramics: Raman and Composition Classification of the Different Types of Glaze and Pigments

The origins and evolution of Cypriot glazed ware productions during the thirteenth to seventeenth centuries CE

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