The Glioarchitectonics of the Chicken Optic Nerve

The Glioarchitectonics of the Rhesus Monkey Optic Nerve

“…This diversity of astrocytes has been observed as well in the chicken optic nerve head (Inoue et al 1974(Inoue et al , 1976.…”

“…Cone and Macmillan (1932) as well observed three types of glial cells in the optic nerve of the rabbit, cat and man ; and Wolter (1957) demonstrated astrocytes and microglia in the human optic papilla by the silver carbonate method. Inoue et al (1974Inoue et al ( , 1976) also demonstrated the above three types of glial cells in the chicken optic nerve by Golgi method. Therefore, it was considered that from the three-dimensional features of the silver-impregnation methods, the same criteria for identification could be applied to the glial cells in the mammalian or avian optic nerve as could be applied to the glial cells in the central nervous system.…”

“…In addition, Vaughn and Peters (1968) investigated oligodendroglia in the optic nerve of the rat, Wendell-Smith et al (1966) in the cat, and Lyser (1972) and Inoue et al (1974Inoue et al ( , 1976 in the chicken. According to this information oligodendroglia were, as a whole, more electron-dense than astrocytes.…”

“…In the chicken optic nerve Inoue et al (1974Inoue et al ( , 1976 recognized the other type of glial cells which contained nuclei with chromatin clumps more electron-dense than those of astrocytes or oligodendroglia, and identified them as microglia, when comparing them with the light microscopic findings. King et al (1970) noted a type of glial cells in the red nucleus of the rhesus monkey other than astrocytes or oligodendroglia, which resembled the microglia identified in this study.…”

“…Therefore, investigation of the diversity of the architecture of the optic nerve, from the viewpoint of the visual specificity of each animal species or from the viewpoint of phylogeny, might give us some information about the functions or the morphological and functional differentiation of glial cells in the white matter of the central nervous system. The authors (Inoue et al 1974(Inoue et al , 1976) have already reported on the structure of the chicken optic nerve, laying stress on the morphology of glial cells and the glioarchitectonics including the connective tissue architecture. At present the rhesus monkey optic nerve is being studied by electron microscopy followed by a light microscopic study as described previously (Nishimura et al 1976).…”