The Global Burden of Disease Attributable to Alcohol, Tobacco and Illicit Drugs

Rehm, Jürgen; Room, Robin

doi:10.1002/9780470713624.ch3

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Alcohol and drug use and misuse significantly contribute to the global burden of disease (1, 2). Alcohol is linked to intentional and unintentional injuries and chronic diseases, and it accounts for about the same amount of the global burden of disability-adjusted life-years as tobacco (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alcohol is linked to intentional and unintentional injuries and chronic diseases, and it accounts for about the same amount of the global burden of disability-adjusted life-years as tobacco (3). Drug use is linked to suicide, mental health disorders and cognitive impairments (2, 4). Substance use among adolescents merits special attention since this is a vulnerable period for addiction, and it may lead to social problems such as poor school performance and confronting personal and institutional violence (5–7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of appreciation for Indigenous cultures and exposure to racial insults on alcohol and drug use initiation among multiethnic Argentinean youth

Alderete

Gregorich

Monteban

et al. 2016

Preventive Medicine

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This study evaluated the effect of factors reflecting appreciation of Indigenous culture and racial insults on alcohol and drug use initiation among multi-ethnic youth in Jujuy, Argentina. Students were surveyed from 27 secondary schools that were randomly selected to represent the province. A total of 3,040 eligible students in 10th grade, age 14 to 18 years were surveyed in 2006 and 2,660 of these same students completed surveys in 11th grade in 2007. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed the effect of appreciation for Indigenous cultures and reported exposure to racial insults in 10th grade on incident current alcohol drinking in previous 30 days, binge drinking (≥5 drinks at one sitting), and lifetime drug use (marijuana, inhalants or cocaine) in 11th grade among students not reporting these behaviors in 2006. In 2006, 63% of respondents reported high appreciation for Indigenous cultures and 39% had ever experienced racial insults. In 2007, incident current drinking was 24.4%, binge drinking 14.8%, and any drug use initiation was 4.1%. Exposure to racial insults increased the likelihood of binge drinking (OR=1.6; 95% CI 1.2–2.1) but was not significant for any drug use. Appreciation for Indigenous cultures reduced the risk of any drug use initiation (OR=0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.7) but had no effect for alcohol drinking outcomes. These effects were independent of Indigenous ethnicity. Enhancing appreciation for Indigenous cultures and decreasing racial insults are achievable goals that can be incorporated into programs to prevent youth substance use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of appreciation for Indigenous cultures and exposure to racial insults on alcohol and drug use initiation among multiethnic Argentinean youth

Alderete

Gregorich

Monteban

et al. 2016

Preventive Medicine

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“…Psychoactive substance use and abuse constitutes one of the major risk factors contributing to the global burden of disease [1,2]. Alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs are associated with over 80 recognised disease and injury conditions (see Table 1 [3 -5]), and have been associated with considerable health and social costs [6 -8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global burden of disease from alcohol, illicit drugs and tobacco

Rehm

Taylor

Room

2006

Drug and Alcohol Review

Self Cite

309

216

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The use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs entails considerable burden of disease: in 2000, about 4% of the global burden as measured in disability adjusted life years was attributable to each alcohol and tobacco, and 0.8% to illicit drugs. The burden of alcohol in the above statistic was calculated as net burden, i.e. incorporating the protective health effects. Tobacco use was found to be the most important of 25 risk factors for developed countries in the comparative risk assessment underlying the data. It had the highest mortality risk of all the substance use categories, especially for the elderly. Alcohol use was also important in developed countries, but constituted the most important of all risk factors in emerging economies. Alcohol use affected younger people than tobacco, both in terms of disability and mortality. The burden of disease attributable to the use of legal substances clearly outweighed the use of illegal drugs. A large part of the substance-attributable burden would be avoidable if known effective interventions were implemented.

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“…The average age of the onset of alcohol use among high school students in the United States in 1995 was 14 years (Escobedo et al, 1995). There has been a trend of decreasing alcohol consumption in most developed countries, in many developing countries, levels of alcohol consumption have increased in recent years (Flisher, 2003;Gurije, 2000;Obot, Karuri & Ibanga, 2003;Parry, 2000;Peden, van Der Spuy, Smith & Bantz, 2000;Rehm & Room, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of substance use among rural high school students in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Onya¹,

Flisher²

2009

ajdas

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This study documents the prevalence rates for use of cigarette, alcohol, methylated spirit, cannabis, mandrax and cannabis together, glue or thinners among rural high school students in Mankweng, Limpopo Province, South Africa. A multistage sampling procedure produced a sample of 1600 students in grades 9 and 11 who completed a self-administered questionnaire. The prevalence rates for previous mouth (recent) use of alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis glue and spirits were 6.4%, 10.5%, 1.4%, 1.2% and 0,8% respectively. For all substances, males had higher prevalence rates than females. Developing alcohol and drug programme for high school students that are more gender specific may improve the effectiveness of intervention efforts at high schools.

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The Global Burden of Disease Attributable to Alcohol, Tobacco and Illicit Drugs

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of appreciation for Indigenous cultures and exposure to racial insults on alcohol and drug use initiation among multiethnic Argentinean youth

Effect of appreciation for Indigenous cultures and exposure to racial insults on alcohol and drug use initiation among multiethnic Argentinean youth

Global burden of disease from alcohol, illicit drugs and tobacco

Prevalence of substance use among rural high school students in Limpopo Province, South Africa

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