The Global Carbon and Oxygen Cycles

Schlesinger, William H.; Bernhardt, Emily S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814608-8.00011-6

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 435 publications

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“…Concentrations are highest in the winter months reflecting transport fromNorth Asia (China, Korea, Japan) and the North Pacific (Figure2), and lower oxidation by OH in the winter months(Schlesinger and Bernhardt, 2020). They are lower in the summer reflecting transport from more southerly regions (further away and typically have lower emissions), and increased oxidation due to enhanced OH concentrations in the summer(Schlesinger and Bernhardt, 2020) Koike et al (2006). measured CO in northern Japan and reported similar seasonality in CO concentrations over the year.…”

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confidence: 71%

“…Figure 4 (left) shows the time series of CO measured and modelled at the site, with Figure 4 (right) showing the correlation between the hourly modelled and measured values. Concentrations are highest in the winter months reflecting transport fromNorth Asia (China, Korea, Japan) and the North Pacific (Figure2), and lower oxidation by OH in the winter months(Schlesinger and Bernhardt, 2020). They are lower in the summer reflecting transport from more southerly regions (further away and typically have lower emissions), and increased oxidation due to enhanced OH concentrations in the summer(Schlesinger and Bernhardt, 2020) Koike et al (2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Measurement report: Assessment of Asian emissions of ethane, propane, carbon monoxide, and NO_x based on observations from the island of Hateruma

Adedeji

Andrews

Rowlinson

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. The island of Hateruma is the southernmost inhabited island of Japan. Here we interpret observations of carbon monoxide (CO), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), nitrogen oxides (NOx and NOy) and ozone (O3) made from the island in 2018 with the GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry transport model. We simulated the concentrations of these species within a nested grid centered over the site, with a model resolution of 0.5°×0.625°. We use the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) emissions dataset for anthropogenic emissions and add a geological source of C2H6 and C3H8. The model captured the seasonality of primary pollutants (CO, C2H6, C3H8) at the site - high concentrations in the winter months when oxidation rates are low and flow is from the north, and low concentrations in the summer months when oxidation rates are higher and flow is from the south. It also simulates many of the synoptic scale events with Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) of 0.74, 0.88 and 0.89 for CO, C2H6 and C3H8, respectively. Concentrations of CO are well simulated by the model (with a gradient of best fit between model and measurements of 0.91) but simulated concentrations of C2H6 and C3H8 are significantly lower than the observations (gradients of best fit between model and measurement of 0.57 and 0.41, respectively), most noticeably in the winter months. Simulated NOx concentrations were underestimated but NOy appear to be overestimated. The concentration of O3 is moderately well simulated (gradient of best fit line of 0.76, with an r of 0.87) but there is a tendency to underestimate concentrations in the winter months. By switching off the model’s biomass burning emissions we show that during winter biomass burning has limited influence on the concentration of compounds in the winter but can represent a sizeable fraction in the summer. We also show that increasing the anthropogenic emissions of C2H6 and C3H8 in Asia by factors of 2.22 and 3.17, respectively, significantly increases the model’s ability to simulate these species in the winter months, consistent with previous studies.

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confidence: 71%

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confidence: 99%

Measurement report: Assessment of Asian emissions of ethane, propane, carbon monoxide, and NO_x based on observations from the island of Hateruma

Adedeji

Andrews

Rowlinson

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Earth has three natural carbon “sinks” where carbon can be stored. The atmosphere is the most common waste repository for carbon ( 52 ), which is causing the climate change that we now must manage. Carbon can also be absorbed by the ocean, but this causes issues of ocean acidification that harms shellfish and other aquatic life.…”

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confidence: 99%

A framework for localizing global climate solutions and their carbon reduction potential

Brown

Dwivedi²,

Mani³

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Localized carbon reduction strategies are especially critical in states and regions that lack top-down climate leadership. This paper illustrates the use of coupled systems in assessments of subnational climate solutions with a case study of Georgia, a state located in the southeastern United States that does not have statewide climate goals or plans. The paper illustrates how robust place-specific plans for climate action could be derived from foundational global and national work and by embedding that research into the context of socio-ecological-technological systems. Our replicable methodology advances the traditional additive sectoral wedge analysis of carbon abatement potential by incorporating solution interdependencies and by spanning both carbon sources and sinks. We estimate that a system of 20 solutions could cut Georgia’s carbon footprint by 35% in 2030 relative to a business-as-usual forecast and by 50% relative to Georgia’s emissions in 2005. We also produce a carbon abatement cost curve that aligns private and social costs as well as benefits with units of avoided CO2-e. The solutions are affiliated with various social co-costs and co-benefits that highlight societal concerns extending beyond climate impacts, including public health, environmental quality, employment, and equity.

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“…The decomposition coefficients of this study are consistent with aerobic degradation observed in other peat degradation studies. The aerobic release of N may be less than that predicted from O 2 -based decomposition, with reincorporation in bacteria and bacterial degradation products enhancing retention (Schlesinger and Bernhardt 2020). However, we have limited our estimate of release of N from eroded particulates to a time period of one year, assuming that the particulate N is buried or mixed into anaerobic sediments and that future reactive N releases are minimal.…”

Section: Examination Of Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Retention and Release in Eroding Chesapeake Bay Tidal Wetlands

Cornwell

Owens

Staver

2022

J American Water Resour Assoc

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The worldwide loss of coastal wetlands has traditionally been addressed as the loss of ongoing nutrient retention ecosystem services. However, nutrient remineralization from eroded particles may further exacerbate water quality degradation. Using data on nutrient burial and denitrification from northern Chesapeake Bay, along with estimates of the bioavailability of eroded marsh particulates, the changing role of wetlands as an important sink for nutrients is examined. Although the erosion of wetlands results in the reintroduction of nitrogen and phosphorus into open‐water habitats, the potential for exacerbating eutrophication is highly diminished by the low lability of wetland organic matter. The impact of such erosion on the cycling of Fe‐bound phosphorus from marsh soils is highly dependent on both the amount of inorganic P, its solid phase association with Fe, and its potential remobilization from the estuarine sediments into which it is deposited. Although nutrient sequestration in newly constructed wetlands built from dredged materials suggested a rapid development of nutrient sequestration, a better understanding of nutrient ecosystem services provided by marshes created by transgression into uplands is necessary for understanding the long‐term nutrient retention value of coastal wetlands.

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The Global Carbon and Oxygen Cycles

Cited by 6 publications

References 435 publications

Measurement report: Assessment of Asian emissions of ethane, propane, carbon monoxide, and NO_x based on observations from the island of Hateruma

Measurement report: Assessment of Asian emissions of ethane, propane, carbon monoxide, and NO_x based on observations from the island of Hateruma

A framework for localizing global climate solutions and their carbon reduction potential

Nutrient Retention and Release in Eroding Chesapeake Bay Tidal Wetlands

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The Global Carbon and Oxygen Cycles

Cited by 6 publications

References 435 publications

Measurement report: Assessment of Asian emissions of ethane, propane, carbon monoxide, and NOx based on observations from the island of Hateruma

Measurement report: Assessment of Asian emissions of ethane, propane, carbon monoxide, and NOx based on observations from the island of Hateruma

A framework for localizing global climate solutions and their carbon reduction potential

Nutrient Retention and Release in Eroding Chesapeake Bay Tidal Wetlands

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Product

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Measurement report: Assessment of Asian emissions of ethane, propane, carbon monoxide, and NO_x based on observations from the island of Hateruma

Measurement report: Assessment of Asian emissions of ethane, propane, carbon monoxide, and NO_x based on observations from the island of Hateruma