The global carbon budget and the Paris agreement

Alcaraz, Olga; Buenestado, Pablo; Escribano, Beatriz; Carbonell, Bàrbara Sureda; Turon, Albert; Xercavins, Josep

doi:10.1108/ijccsm-06-2017-0127

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the literature, allocation mechanisms are discussed mainly for disaggregation at the country level (Alcaraz et al 2019). The smaller the budget assigned to a country in relation to current emissions, the more mitigation effort is implied for that country.…”

Section: Allocation Issues: Per Countries and Capitamentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon budgets for buildings: harmonising temporal, spatial and sectoral dimensions

Habert¹,

Röck²,

Steininger³

et al. 2020

Buildings and Cities

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Target values for creating carbon budgets for buildings are important for developing climateneutral building stocks. A lack of clarity currently exists for defining carbon budgets for buildings and what constitutes a unit of assessment-particularly the distinction between production-and consumption-based accounting. These different perspectives on the system and the function that is assessed hinder a clear and commonly agreed definition of 'carbon budgets' for building construction and operation. This paper explores the processes for establishing a carbon budget for residential and non-residential buildings. A detailed review of current approaches to budget allocation is presented. The temporal and spatial scales of evaluation are considered as well as the distribution rules for sharing the budget between parties or activities. This analysis highlights the crucial need to define the temporal scale, the roles of buildings as physical artefacts and their economic activities. A framework is proposed to accommodate these different perspectives and spatio-temporal scales towards harmonised and comparable cross-sectoral budget definitions. Policy relevance The potential to develop, implement and monitor greenhouse gas-related policies and strategies for buildings will depend on the provision of clear targets. Based on global limits, a carbon budget can establish system boundaries and scalable targets. An operational framework is presented that clarifies greenhouse gas targets for buildings in the different parts of the world that is adaptable to the context and circumstances of a particular place. A carbon budget can enable national regulators to set feasible and legally binding requirements. This will assist the many different stakeholders responsible for decisions on buildings to coordinate and incorporate their specific responsibility at one specific level or scale of activity to ensure overall compliance. Therefore, determining a task specific carbon budget requires an appropriate management of the global carbon budget to ensure that specific budgets overlap, but that the sum of them is equal to the available global budget without double-counting.

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Section: Allocation Issues: Per Countries and Capitamentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon budgets for buildings: harmonising temporal, spatial and sectoral dimensions

Habert¹,

Röck²,

Steininger³

et al. 2020

Buildings and Cities

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Under the pressure of exacerbating air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction commitment, the Chinese government has implemented aggressive policies to promote the market penetration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). − Although PEVs, which include battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), emit less GHG emissions at the tailpipe than conventional gasoline internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), their life-cycle GHG benefits depend on the electricity generation mix, interprovincial transmissions, PEV fuel economy that is affected by local climate conditions, and so on. − These factors vary significantly across different provinces in China, − potentially leading to distinct GHG emission intensities of PEVs and diverse GHG implications of PEV promotion policies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provincial Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Gasoline and Plug-in Electric Vehicles in China: Comparison from the Consumption-Based Electricity Perspective

Gan

Lü

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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China has implemented strong incentives to promote the market penetration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). In this study, we compare the well-to-wheels (WTW) greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensities of PEVs with those of gasoline vehicles at the provincial level in the year 2017 by considering the heterogeneity in the consumption-based electricity mix and climate impacts on vehicle fuel economy. Results show a high variation of provincial WTW GHG emission intensities for battery electric vehicles (BEVs, 22–293 g CO2eq/km) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs, 82–298 g CO2eq/km) in contrast to gasoline internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs, 227–245 g CO2eq/km) and gasoline hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs, 141–164 g CO2eq/km). Due to the GHG-intensive coal-based electricity and cold weather, WTW GHG emission intensities of BEVs and PHEVs are higher than those of gasoline ICEVs in seven and ten northern provinces in China, respectively. WTW GHG emission intensities of gasoline HEVs, on the other hand, are lower in 18 and 26 provinces than those of BEVs and PHEVs, respectively. The analysis suggests that province-specific PEV and electric grid development policies should be considered for GHG emission reductions of on-road transportation in China.

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“…Although the replacement of coal by natural gas is deemed to reduce emissions for China to meet its commitment to lowering carbon intensity by 60-65% from the 2005 level by 2030 (ref. 16 ), its effectiveness is affected by the uncertain life-cycle emissions of natural gas 9,17,18 . Approximately 20-50% of the natural gas lifecycle emissions are upstream emissions from well-to citygate 7,9,[17][18][19] , including extraction, processing, and transmission for pipeline gas and additional processes of liquefaction, shipping, storage, and regasification for LNG.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon footprint of global natural gas supplies to China

et al. 2020

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As natural gas demand surges in China, driven by the coal-to-gas switching policy, widespread attention is focused on its impacts on global gas supply-demand rebalance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Here, for the first time, we estimate well-to-city-gate GHG emissions of gas supplies for China, based on analyses of field-specific characteristics of 104 fields in 15 countries. Results show GHG intensities of supplies from 104 fields vary from 6.2 to 43.3 g CO 2 eq MJ −1 . Due to the increase of GHG-intensive gas supplies from Russia, Central Asia, and domestic shale gas fields, the supply-energy-weighted average GHG intensity is projected to increase from 21.7 in 2016 to 23.3 CO 2 eq MJ −1 in 2030, and total well-to-city-gate emissions of gas supplies are estimated to grow by~3 times. While securing gas supply is a top priority for the Chinese government, decreasing GHG intensity should be considered in meeting its commitment to emission reductions.

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The global carbon budget and the Paris agreement

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Carbon budgets for buildings: harmonising temporal, spatial and sectoral dimensions

Carbon budgets for buildings: harmonising temporal, spatial and sectoral dimensions

Provincial Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Gasoline and Plug-in Electric Vehicles in China: Comparison from the Consumption-Based Electricity Perspective

Carbon footprint of global natural gas supplies to China

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