“…More importantly, waqf assets have been instrumental in providing social and economic safety valves through their role in promoting religion, education, shelter, health, food security and rural–urban transformation. In the tenth century, the waqf was an effective vehicle for financing social economic development in Muslim societies, such as the Middle East and North Africa (Singer, 2008; Mohsin et al , 2016a; Saiti et al , 2021; Uluyol et al , 2021). The other studies in waqf the readers can refer to are Asni et al (2020), Salleh et al (2020), Talib et al (2020), Kuanova et al (2021), Medias et al (2021), Hapsari et al (2021), among others.…”