The global compendium of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus occurrence

Abstract

Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are the main vectors transmitting dengue and chikungunya viruses. Despite being pathogens of global public health importance, knowledge of their vectors’ global distribution remains patchy and sparse. A global geographic database of known occurrences of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus between 1960 and 2014 was compiled. Herein we present the database, which comprises occurrence data linked to point or polygon locations, derived from peer-reviewed literature and unpublished studies including national entomological surveys and expert networks. We describe all data collection processes, as well as geo-positioning methods, database management and quality-control procedures. This is the first comprehensive global database of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus occurrence, consisting of 19,930 and 22,137 geo-positioned occurrence records respectively. Both datasets can be used for a variety of mapping and spatial analyses of the vectors and, by inference, the diseases they transmit.

Spread of Zika virus in the Americas

“…edu), and temperature data (climate.geog.udel.edu/∼climate/html pages/ Global2011/GlobalTsT2011.html); because no human subject research/analysis was performed, IRB approval was not required. Here we expanded to incorporate data on Aedes mosquito density (58) and the association between socioeconomic factors and population risk of exposure (32,66). Similar to previous arbovirus modeling approaches (18), we use a compartmental classification of the disease stages in the human and mosquito populations, assigning plausible parameter ranges based on the available ZIKV literature and assumed similarities between ZIKV and DENV.…”

“…The model has been calibrated by using data from French Polynesia and the observed epidemic peak in Colombia (± 1 wk), as reported by Colombia's National Institute of Health (38); further research is needed to provide ZIKV-specific parameter estimates and more accurate local calibrations. Mosquito presence/absence maps are available from published data but have limitations as detailed in the literature (32,34,58). Sexual and other modes of transmission are not incorporated in the model.…”

Bioefficacy of Duranta erecta leaf extract on yellow fever and dengue vector, Aedes aegypti Linn. in Nigeria

“…Over 100 million Nigerians are reportedly at risk of YF while DENV has been identified as an emerging cause of fever alongside the commonly known malaria (Oyero and Ayukekbong, 2014). Dengue and other A. aegypti related diseases are increasing global public health concerns due to their rapid geographical spread and increasing disease burden due to an ongoing range expansion fuelled by increased global trade and travel (Kraemer et al, 2015;Stanaway et al, 2016). In addition to horizontal transmission of the disease, vertical transmission (from mother to child) during pregnancy or at birth has been reported in man, while transovarial transmission has been reported in mosquitoes (CarodArtal et al, 2013), further facilitating the spread of the diseases and increasing the difficulties involved in combating them.…”

“…Nevertheless, repeated use of insecticides leads constantly to the risk of contamination of water used for domestic purposes, animals and humans by pesticides residues. It is also important to note the high cost of chemical pesticides and the development of resistances, a major issue from mosquito species vectors (WHO, 2013;Kraemer et al, 2015). Other health and environmental issues include toxicity of non-target organisms as well as an increasing burden on the environment and human health.…”

Zika — another threat on the epidemiological map of the world

“…It is reported in Sub-Saharan Africa, South and South-East Asia, North Australia, Oceania, South and Central America, southern states of the United States, and also in southern Europe (A. aegypti in Georgia, southern Russia, Madeira; A. albopictus in Italy, France, Spain, Greece, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, Bulgaria, southern Russia) [3,4]. ZIKV is not endemic in Poland because Aedes mosquitoes transmitting the virus are not present in the territory of our country; however, there is a potential risk of importing the disease from Zika endemic areas, e.g.…”