The Global Earthquake History

Albini, Paola; Musson, R. M. W.; Rovida, Andrea; Locati, Mario; Capera, A. A. Gómez; Viganò, Daniele

doi:10.1193/122013eqs297

Cited by 62 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Earthquakes of this magnitude size or larger are not unusual in stable continental regions, even in areas much further away from plate boundaries than the Apulia Swell, and represent a very elusive source of seismic risk (Albini et al, 2019;Calais et al, 2016;England & Jackson, 2011). Until now, the hypotheses about the source of this earthquake fell for different reasons onto a reverse fault, despite the presence of normal faults in the area.…”

Section: 1029/2020tc006116mentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Extension in a Foreland Trapped Between Two Contractional Chains: The South Apulia Fault System (SAFS)

et al. 2020

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The response of continental forelands to subduction and collision is a widely investigated topic in geodynamics. The deformation occurring within a foreland shared by two opposite‐verging chains, however, is uncommon and poorly understood. The Apulia Swell in the southern end of the Adria microplate (Africa‐Europe plate boundary, central Mediterranean Sea) represents one of these cases, as it is the common foreland of the SW verging Albanides‐Hellenides and the NE verging Southern Apennines merging into the SSE verging Calabrian Arc. We investigated the internal deformation of the Apulia Swell using multiscale geophysical data: multichannel seismic profiles recording up to 12‐s two‐way time (TWT) for a consistent image of the upper crust; high‐resolution multichannel seismic profiles, high‐resolution multibeam bathymetry, and CHIRP profiles acquired by R/V OGS Explora to constrain the Quaternary geological record. The results of our analyses characterize the geometry of the South Apulia Fault System (SAFS), a 100‐km‐long and 12‐km‐wide structure attesting an extensional (and possibly transtensional) response of the foreland to the two contractional fronts. The SAFS consists of two NW‐SE right‐stepping master faults and several secondary structures. The SAFS activity spans from the Early Pleistocene through the Holocene, as testified by the bathymetric and high‐resolution seismic data, with long‐term slip rates in the range of 0.2–0.4 mm/yr. Considering the position within an area with few or none other active faults in the surroundings, the dimension, and the activity rates, the SAFS can be a candidate causative fault of the 20 February 1743, M 6.7, earthquake.

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Section: 1029/2020tc006116mentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Extension in a Foreland Trapped Between Two Contractional Chains: The South Apulia Fault System (SAFS)

et al. 2020

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“…The megathrust faults depicted as black-toothed curves and the crustal faults plotted in blue are all considered as fault earthquake sources, while the crustal faults plotted in red are not. Also displayed are post-1990 Global CMT solutions for Mw ≥ 7, hypocenters from the ISC-GEM catalog with Mw ≥ 6.5 with a "≈" to indicate those which were tsunamigenic, and events from the GEM Historical Earthquake Archive (Albini et al 2014), all with depth ≤ 40 km. Green, magenta, and orange toothed curves denote the western, central and eastern sections, respectively, of the Ramu-Markham Fault.…”

Section: Subduction Megathrustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismotectonic model and probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Papua New Guinea

Ghasemi

Cummins

Weatherill

et al. 2020

Bull Earthquake Eng

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Papua New Guinea (PNG) lies in a belt of intense tectonic activity that experiences high levels of seismicity. Although this seismicity poses significant risks to society, the Building Code of PNG and its underpinning seismic loading requirements have not been revised since 1982. This study aims to partially address this gap by updating the seismic zoning map on which the earthquake loading component of the building code is based. We performed a new probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for PNG using the OpenQuake software developed by the Global Earthquake Model Foundation (Pagani et al. in Seism Res Lett 85(3):692–702, 2014). Among other enhancements, for the first time together with background sources, individual fault sources are implemented to represent active major and microplate boundaries in the region to better constrain the earthquake-rate and seismic-source models. The seismic-source model also models intraslab, Wadati–Benioff zone seismicity in a more realistic way using a continuous slab volume to constrain the finite ruptures of such events. The results suggest a high level of hazard in the coastal areas of the Huon Peninsula and the New Britain–Bougainville region, and a relatively low level of hazard in the southwestern part of mainland PNG. In comparison with the seismic zonation map in the current design standard, it can be noted that the spatial distribution of seismic hazard used for building design does not match the bedrock hazard distribution of this study. In particular, the high seismic hazard of the Huon Peninsula in the revised assessment is not captured in the current building code of PNG.

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“…7). The m h is collected from three sources: the PAGER-CAT catalog (Allen et al, 2009), the Centennial catalog (Engdahl and Villaseñor, 2002), and the Global Large Historical Earthquake catalog (GLHECAT; Albini et al, 2014) by the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) project. For each event listed in the PAGER-CAT and Centennial catalogs, multiple magnitudes are reported, and a preferred magnitude is selected by the catalog authors.…”

Section: Uncertainty Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude Limits of Subduction Zone Earthquakes

Rong¹,

Jackson²,

Magistrale³

et al. 2014

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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Maximum earthquake magnitude (m x ) is a critical parameter in seismic hazard and risk analysis. However, some recent large earthquakes have shown that most of the existing methods for estimating m x are inadequate. Moreover, m x itself is ill-defined because its meaning largely depends on the context, and it usually cannot be inferred using existing data without associating it with a time interval. In this study, we use probable maximum earthquake magnitude within a time period of interest, m p T, to replace m x . The term m p T contains not only the information of magnitude limit but also the occurrence rate of the extreme events. We estimate m p T for circumPacific subduction zones using tapered Gutenberg-Richter (TGR) distributions. The estimation of the two TGR parameters, β-value and corner magnitude (m c ), is performed using the maximum-likelihood method with the constraint from tectonic moment rate. To populate the TGR, the rates of smaller earthquakes are needed. We apply the Whole Earth model, a high-resolution global estimate of the rate of m ≥ 5 earthquakes, to estimate these rates. The uncertainties of m p T are calculated using Monte-Carlo simulation. Our results show that most of the circum-Pacific subduction zones can generate m ≥ 8:5 earthquakes over a 250-year interval, m ≥ 8:8 earthquakes over a 500-year interval, and m ≥ 9:0 earthquakes over a 10,000-year interval. For the Cascadia subduction zone, we include the 10,000-year paleoseismic record based on turbidite studies to supplement the limited instrumental earthquake data. Our results show that over a 500-year period, m ≥ 8:8 earthquakes are expected in this zone; over a 1000-year period, m ≥ 9:0 earthquakes are expected; and over a 10,000-year period, m ≥ 9:3 earthquakes are expected.

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The Global Earthquake History

Cited by 62 publications

References 16 publications

Active Extension in a Foreland Trapped Between Two Contractional Chains: The South Apulia Fault System (SAFS)

Active Extension in a Foreland Trapped Between Two Contractional Chains: The South Apulia Fault System (SAFS)

Seismotectonic model and probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Papua New Guinea

Magnitude Limits of Subduction Zone Earthquakes

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