The Global Epidemic of Obesity: An Overview

Caballero, Benjamı́n

doi:10.1093/epirev/mxm012

Cited by 988 publications

(729 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In recent decades, obesity has become an epidemic worldwide (1) . In line with increasing prevalence of obesity around the world, the rate is increasing also in Middle Eastern countries; so that more than two-thirds of adult women in this region are centrally obese (9) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in relation to obesity among Iranian female nurses

Barak

Falahi

Keshteli

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Limited observational studies have considered habitual consumption of the general population to examine the relationship between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and obesity. The aim of the present study was to investigate adherence to the DASH diet in relation to general and central obesity among female nurses in Isfahan, Iran. Design: Cross-sectional study carried out among 293 female nurses aged > 30 years who were selected by a multistage, cluster random sampling method. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a validated FFQ. We constructed the DASH score based on foods and nutrients emphasized or minimized in the DASH diet, focusing on eight components: high intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, low-fat dairy products and whole grains and low intakes of sodium, sweetened beverages, and red and processed meats. General and abdominal obesity were defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 and waist circumference ≥ 88 cm, respectively. Setting: Isfahan, Iran. Subjects: Female nurses (n 293) aged > 30 years. Results: Increased adherence to the DASH diet was associated with older age (P < 0·01) and lower waist circumference (P = 0·04). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of general obesity between extreme quartiles of the DASH diet score. After adjustment for age, energy intake and other confounding factors, DASH diet score was not significantly associated with obesity. However, with further controlling for other dietary factors, those in the highest quartile of DASH diet score were 71 % less likely to have general obesity compared with those in the lowest quartile. In addition, following a DASH diet was inversely associated with central obesity after adjustment for potential confounders (OR = 0·37; 95 % CI 0·14, 0·96). Conclusions: We found that adherence to the DASH diet was inversely related to central obesity among Iranian adult females. This association remained significant even after adjustment for potential confounders. Keywords Obesity DASH diet IranThe prevalence of overweight and obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide. During the past decades, obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities have become epidemic in the world (1) . The worldwide prevalence of obesity nearly doubled between 1980 and 2008 (2) and it has been estimated that in 2030, globally an estimated 2·16 billion adults will be overweight and 1·12 billion will be obese (3) . Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity, and in particular central obesity, predicts the risk of developing hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular mortality and proinflammatory conditions (4) . It has been estimated that 21 % of cardiovascular events in men and 28 % in women can be explained by overweight and obesity (5) .With improvement in the socio-economic situation in developing countries, an increasing prevalence of obesity is observed among both adults and children in these countries (6) .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in relation to obesity among Iranian female nurses

Barak

Falahi

Keshteli

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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“…This paradox could be reflective of the recently emerging socio-economic trends in childhood obesity in India. According to various studies, the current prevalence of childhood overweight in India could range from 4% to 22% [3,4] Recent studies from developing countries have identified some determinants of childhood overweight [5]. Studies have also pointed toward potential connections between childhood overweight and psychosocial characteristics (e.g.…”

Section: S S E E E E E a A A A A R R R R R C C C C C H H H H H P P P mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight status in Indian children: Prevalence and psychosocial correlates

et al. 2015

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“…These pathophysiological mechanisms and the strong relationship between hyperinsulinemia and anovulation have prompted trials evaluating the effect of insulin sensitizing agents like metformin on ovulation rate in PCOS and/or obese patients. Obesity that is about to reach epidemic proportions in many countries, is a common problem in modern societies [16,17]. An excess of body fat among women with PCOS accentuates insulin resistance and its associated clinical sequelae [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of metformin or orlistat on obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective randomized open-label study

Ghandi

Aflatoonian

Tabibnejad

et al. 2011

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose Comparing the effects of metformin or orlistat on hormone, lipid profile and ovulation status in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods A total of 80 women were prospectively recruited to receive either metformin (n=40) or orlistat (n=40). Weight, BMI, waist, serum LH, total serum testosterone and lipid profile were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. The subjects' ovulatory status was assessed after 3 months. Results There was no significant difference in ovulation between the two treatment groups (30% vs 15%). Treatment with either drug showed a significant decline in body weight, BMI (Body Mass Index), and waist circumference, but the degree of decline in both groups was the same. Patients who were treated with orlistat, showed a significant reduction in total testosterone and serum lipid. Women in metformin group showed a significant reduction in serum LH.Conclusions Both metformin and orlistat showed a similar effect on weight loss and ovulation rates.

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The Global Epidemic of Obesity: An Overview

Cited by 988 publications

References 39 publications

Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in relation to obesity among Iranian female nurses

Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in relation to obesity among Iranian female nurses

Overweight status in Indian children: Prevalence and psychosocial correlates

The effects of metformin or orlistat on obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective randomized open-label study

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