The Global Evolution of Travel Visa Regimes

Czaika, Mathias; Haas, Hein de; Villares-Varela, María

doi:10.1111/padr.12166

Cited by 76 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It measures the percentage of countries for which a country requires a visa from foreign visitors. Travel visas, alongside passports, are key control instruments of population movements by modern states (Czaika et al 2018). The number of airports hosting international flights, normalized by population, is a measure for international connectivity.…”

Section: De Jure Social Globalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The KOF Globalisation Index – revisited

et al. 2019

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We introduce the revised version of the KOF Globalisation Index, a composite index measuring globalization for every country in the world along the economic, social and political dimension. The original index was introduced by Dreher (Applied Economics, 38(10):1091-1110, 2006) and updated in Dreher et al. (2008). This second revision of the index distinguishes between de facto and de jure measures along the different dimensions of globalization. We also disentangle trade and financial globalization within the economic dimension of globalization and use time-varying weighting of the variables. The new index is based on 43 instead of 23 variables in the previous version. Following Dreher (Applied Economics, 38(10):1091-1110, 2006), we use the new index to examine the effect of globalization on economic growth. The results suggest that de facto and de jure globalization influence economic growth differently. Future research should use the new KOF Globalisation Index to reexamine other important consequences of globalization and why globalization was proceeding rapidly in some countries, such as South Korea, but less so in others. The KOF Globalisation Index can be downloaded from http://www.kof.ethz.ch/globalisation/.

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Section: De Jure Social Globalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The KOF Globalisation Index – revisited

et al. 2019

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“…As a consequence, not a single time zone follows vertical longitudinal lines on a world map, as they would if the time zone followed solar time, but all of them exhibit bulges on either side. Other variables at the dyadic level that affect tourist flows are controlled for, namely if country j imposes a visa requirement on nationals from country i in year t. Comprehensive visa data are taken from the DEMIG VISA database (Czaika et al 2018). We further include the size of the migrant stock of country i in country j (sourced from World Bank 2011), as well as contiguity (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the negative impact of time zone differences on international tourism

Czaika

Neumayer

2019

Current Issues in Tourism

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This research note reports novel results on the negative effect of time zone differences on international tourism in a global sample of countries over the period 1995 to 2013. A gravity-type model, which has become standard in international tourism demand, is estimated with Pseudo-Poisson maximum likelihood, controlling for geographical distance and other potential confounders at the dyadic level in addition to origin-year and destination-year fixed effects. The effect of time zone differences is found to be substantively strong and approximately (log-)linear across the various hours of time zone difference, with an average negative effect of about 11.6 per cent per hour of time difference.

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“…Most OECD states have visa restrictions on most Asian and African nationalities. Those restrictions have increased since the 1970s (Czaika, de Haas, and Villares-Varela 2017). In 2019 the top ten source countries of refugees were all among the world's thirty most restricted nationalities.…”

Section: Filesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote control of migration: theorising territoriality, shared coercion, and deterrence

Fitzgerald

2019

Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies

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'Remote control' has been a radical innovation that projects many aspects of migration and border enforcement beyond a state's territory. Scholars across multiple disciplines make distinctive and sometimes contradictory claims about the extent to which state control over space and geographic borders is of declining significance. Drawing on a study of remote control policies in the United States, Canada, the EU, and Australia since the 1930s, this paper argues that states push much of their migration control out from their territorial boundaries though a process of extraterritorialisation. However, these liberal states simultaneously ratchet up controls at a finely calibrated border line in a process of hyper-territorialisation. The goal of restricting migrants' access to territorialised human and civil rights drives both of these manipulations of territoriality. A taxonomy of controls based on the metaphor of an 'architecture of repulsion' describes their logic and practice. Many of these practices involve states sharing the legitimate means of coercion over movement in a way that challenges a core assumption about modern states. The degree to which remote control deters unauthorised migration remains a critical research question, but there is more deterrence than found in standard measures of border enforcement efficacy.

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The Global Evolution of Travel Visa Regimes

Cited by 76 publications

References 26 publications

The KOF Globalisation Index – revisited

The KOF Globalisation Index – revisited

On the negative impact of time zone differences on international tourism

Remote control of migration: theorising territoriality, shared coercion, and deterrence

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