The global fatty liver disease Sustainable Development Goal country score for 195 countries and territories

Abstract

Background and Aims: Fatty liver disease is highly prevalent, resulting in overarching wellbeing and economic costs. Addressing it requires comprehensive and coordinated multisectoral action. We developed a fatty liver disease Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) country score to provide insights into country-level preparedness to address fatty liver disease through a whole-of-society lens. Approach and Results: We developed 2 fatty liver disease–SDG score sets. The first included 6 indicators (child wasting, child overweight, noncommunicable disease mortality, a universal health coverage service coverage index, health worker density, and education attainment), covering 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017. The second included the aforementioned indicators plus an urban green space indicator, covering 60 countries and territories for which 2017 data were available. To develop the fatty liver disease–SDG score, indicators were categorized as “positive” or “negative” and scaled from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better preparedness levels. Fatty liver disease–SDG scores varied between countries and territories (n = 195), from 14.6 (95% uncertainty interval: 8.9 to 19.4) in Niger to 93.5 (91.6 to 95.3) in Japan; 18 countries and territories scored > 85. Regionally, the high-income super-region had the highest score at 88.8 (87.3 to 90.1) in 2017, whereas south Asia had the lowest score at 44.1 (42.4 to 45.8). Between 1990 and 2017, the fatty liver disease–SDG score increased in all super-regions, with the greatest increase in south Asia, but decreased in 8 countries and territories. Conclusions: The fatty liver disease–SDG score provides a strategic advocacy tool at the national and global levels for the liver health field and noncommunicable disease advocates, highlighting the multisectoral collaborations needed to address fatty liver disease, and noncommunicable diseases overall.

Anticancer activity and other biomedical properties of β‐sitosterol: Bridging phytochemistry and current pharmacological evidence for future translational approaches

“…Diabetes is the familiar metabolic disorders where the counting of humans enduring from the disorder is escalating across the globe (GBD 2021Diabetes Collaborators, 2023Park & Jang, 2017), often associated with obesity, the condition can elevate the risk of diabetic kidney failure, cardiovascular disorder, retinal disease, and artery disease (Lazarus et al, 2023;Mukherjee et al, 2020). β-sitosterol has also been extensively researched for its role in regulating cholesterol and blood glucose levels, numerous studies have demonstrated that β-sitosterol effectively lowers LDL cholesterol by inhibiting its absorption in the intestines (Wu et al, 2022); moreover, it has been shown…”

A global action agenda for turning the tide on fatty liver disease

“…Fatty liver disease represents a contemporary public health challenge that requires multidisciplinary and multisectoral responses and novel collaboration, from re-orienting health systems to addressing food systems, the built environment, and social deprivation 14 . For policymakers, practitioners, industry, and patient advocates, this represents unique challenges as they seek to embrace the complexity and scale of the problem with the need for effective and efficient responses 15 . Building on earlier work, this study engaged a global multidisciplinary group of experts to develop a set of consensus actions, which can collectively turn the tide on this silent but challenging public health threat.…”

“…[14] For policymakers, practitioners, industry, and patient advocates, this represents unique challenges as they seek to embrace the complexity and scale of the problem with the need for effective and efficient responses. [15] Building on earlier work, this study engaged a global multidisciplinary group of experts to develop a set of consensus actions, which can collectively turn the tide on this silent but challenging public health threat.…”