The Global Flower Bulb Industry: Production, Utilization, Research

Benschop, M.; Kamenetsky, Rina; Nard, M. Le; Okubo, Hiroshi; Hertogh, August De

doi:10.1002/9780470527238.ch1

Cited by 58 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 224 publications

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“…Thus, appressorium formation of C. gladioli was higher on leaf surfaces of resistant genotypes. Key words: Gladiolus callianthus, Gladiolus grandiflorum, appressorium, curvularia leaf spot, flower bulb.Gladiolus is an ornamental plant of high economic value and occupies a prominent position in the global flower bulb industry (Benschop et al, 2010). Gladiolus is part of the Iridaceae family, together with Iris and Crocus (Meerow, 2012), and includes more than 260 species originating from Africa, Madagascar and Eurasia (Goldblatt et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Infection of Curvularia gladioli on different gladiolus genotypes

Torres

Silva

Furtado

2013

Trop. plant pathol.

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In this study the susceptibility of different genotypes of gladiolus (Gladiolus callianthus and the genotypes of G. grandiflorum T-704, Red Beauty, Tradehorn, Verônica, Amsterdam, Yester Gold, and Rose Friendship) was evaluated and correlated with the development of Curvularia gladioli infective structures. The plants were inoculated with a 3 x 10 4 conidial suspension of the pathogen, and the severity of infection was assessed eight days after inoculation. Leaf samples of G. callianthus and G. grandiflorum vars. Amsterdam, Red Beauty, and T-704 were collected 24 hours after inoculation. They were cleared and the rates of spore germination and appressorium formation of C. gladioli were quantified. G. grandiflorum vars. T-704 and Red Beauty were the most susceptible genotypes, followed by G. callianthus and G. grandiflorum var. Tradehorn. The remaining genotypes did not differentiate among them. No differences related to the conidial germination (93.5%) were found for the genotypes. However, the highest values for appressorium formation were observed for G. callianthus (66.5%) and G. grandiflorus var. Amsterdam (55.7%), and the lowest values were observed for T-704 (32.4%). Thus, appressorium formation of C. gladioli was higher on leaf surfaces of resistant genotypes. Key words: Gladiolus callianthus, Gladiolus grandiflorum, appressorium, curvularia leaf spot, flower bulb.Gladiolus is an ornamental plant of high economic value and occupies a prominent position in the global flower bulb industry (Benschop et al., 2010). Gladiolus is part of the Iridaceae family, together with Iris and Crocus (Meerow, 2012), and includes more than 260 species originating from Africa, Madagascar and Eurasia (Goldblatt et al., 2008). Gladiolus flowers of various colors are currently commercially available, and white and red flowers are preferred by Brazilian consumers (Tombolato et al., 2010).It is estimated that 60% of gladiolus corms in Brazil are intended for the production of cut flowers for the domestic market and the remaining 40% are exported, especially to Holland (Tombolato et al., 2010 (Magie, 1953;Baiswar et al., 2007; Shakir et al., 2008;Tombolato et al., 2010). The first report of Curvularia in gladiolus was in Florida in 1947(Magie, 1948. Since then, it has quickly become globally distributed (Boerema & Hamers, 1989). In Brazil, the curvularia leaf spot caused by C. gladioli Boerema & Hamers has recently been reported in G. grandiflorum vars. T-704 and Amsterdam. The symptomatic tissues showed leaf spots that were oval to circular, brown with dark edges, and surrounded by a yellow halo (Torres et al., 2013).Gladiolus breeding programs attempt to improve gladiolus features such as the color, number and shape of flowers, flowering capacity in winter, multiplication and resistance to foliar and corm diseases (Magie, 1960;Cantor, 2006). In Brazil, in addition to agronomic characteristics such as productivity and adaptability, breeding programs are focused on the search for genotypes that are resistant or tolerant to...

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confidence: 99%

Infection of Curvularia gladioli on different gladiolus genotypes

Torres

Silva

Furtado

2013

Trop. plant pathol.

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“…Classical physiological studies must not be underestimated, because various important horticultural practices used to date come from such approach. One example is the development of "forcing" as a technique to shorten the tulip life cycle for cut flower production industry (Benschop et al 2010). However, interpreting merely physiological assessments without a fundamental understanding of the processes and mechanisms behind, can be misleading and sometimes inaccurate.…”

Section: Toluidine Blue and Lugol's Iodine Staining And Microscopic Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…resistance traits in flower bulbs (BarbaGonzalez et al 2005;Baldwin et al 2014;van Tuyl et al 2012), but their resolution is significantly affected by the high heterozygosity level (Benschop et al 2010), the resolution of the physical map, and the quantitative variability of the trait. An attempt to find putative quantitative trait loci (QTL) for axillary bud outgrowth capacity in tulip through a genetic approach was undertaken at the start of this PhD study (data not included in this thesis), using a Tulipa gesneriana x T. cantata population .…”

Section: Dapi Staining and Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other geophytes have storage organs such as, corms, tubers, rhizomes or enlarged hypocotyls that assure the survival of the plant during winter or dry periods (Hartmann 2014;Kamenetsky 2012;Okubo and Sochacki 2012). Among the diverse geophytes, bulbous plants are of special interest for the Netherlands because of the economic importance of two of its members: lily and tulip (Benschop et al 2010). In both species the bulb contains specialized scales that serve as the primary storage tissue.…”

Section: Reproduction In Bulbous Plant Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of vegetative propagation in bulbs : a molecular approach

Moreno-Pachon

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“…Flower bulbs represent a significant segment of the global floriculture industry, and have a variety of ornamental uses (Benschop et al, 2010). Unfortunately, due to low natural bulb multiplication rates or long juvenile phases, commercial release of a new genotype may take 10 or even 20 years by conventional vegetative propagation methods (de Klerk, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low humic acids promote in vitro lily bulblet enlargement by enhancing roots growth and carbohydrate metabolism

Xia

Zhang

et al. 2016

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Bulblet development is a problem in global lily bulb production and carbohydrate metabolism is a crucial factor. Micropropagation acts as an efficient substitute for faster propagation and can provide a controllable condition to explore bulb growth. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of humic acid (HA) on bulblet swelling and the carbohydrate metabolic pathway in Lilium Oriental Hybrids 'Sorbonne' under in vitro conditions. HA greatly promoted bulblet growth at 0.2, 2.0, and 20.0 mg/L, and pronounced increases in bulblet sucrose, total soluble sugar, and starch content were observed for higher HA concentrations (≥2.0 mg/L) within 45 d after transplanting (DAT). The activities of three major starch synthetic enzymes (including adenosine 5'-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, granule-bound starch synthase, and soluble starch synthase) were enhanced dramatically after HA application especially low concentration HA (LHA), indicating a quick response of starch metabolism. However, higher doses of HA also caused excessive aboveground biomass accumulation and inhibited root growth. Accordingly, an earlier carbon starvation emerged by observing evident starch degradation. Relative bulblet weight gradually decreased with increased HA doses and thereby broke the balance between the source and sink. A low HA concentration at 0.2 mg/L performed best in both root and bulblet growth. The number of roots and root length peaked at 14.5 and 5.75 cm, respectively. The fresh bulblet weight and diameter reached 468 mg (2.9 times that under the control treatment) and 11.68 mm, respectively. Further, sucrose/starch utilization and conversion were accelerated and carbon famine was delayed as a result with an average relative bulblet weight of 80.09%. To our knowledge, this is the first HA application and mechanism research into starch metabolism in both in vitro and in vivo condition in bulbous crops.

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The Global Flower Bulb Industry: Production, Utilization, Research

Cited by 58 publications

References 224 publications

Infection of Curvularia gladioli on different gladiolus genotypes

Infection of Curvularia gladioli on different gladiolus genotypes

Mechanisms of vegetative propagation in bulbs : a molecular approach

Low humic acids promote in vitro lily bulblet enlargement by enhancing roots growth and carbohydrate metabolism

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