The Global Impact of Scaling Up HIV/AIDS Prevention Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Abstract

A strong, global commitment to expanded prevention programs targeted at sexual transmission and transmission among injecting drug users, started now, could avert 28 million new HIV infections between 2005 and 2015. This figure is more than half of the new infections that might otherwise occur during that period in 125 low- and middle-income countries. Although preventing these new infections would require investing about U.S.$122 billion over this period, it would reduce future needs for treatment and care. Our analysis suggests that it will cost about U.S.$3900 to prevent each new infection, but that this will produce a savings of U.S.$4700 in forgone treatment and care costs. Thus, greater spending on prevention now would not only prevent more than half the new infections that would occur from 2005 to 2015 but would actually produce a net financial saving as future costs for treatment and care are averted.

Portfolios of Biomedical HIV Interventions in South Africa: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

“…As program utilization increases, the effectiveness at reducing transmission becomes a central source of uncertainty 21 due to variations in program accessibility, patient adherence, and potential behavior risk compensation. The aggregate impact of implementing multiple, partially effective programs compounds this uncertainty and has previously not been systematically investigated.…”

“…Prior modeling studies have evaluated individual HIV interventions, but few studies [21][22][23][24] have considered intervention combinations or estimated a portfolio's cost-effectiveness. One recent study modeled combinations of expanded ART and PrEP, 25 although the study omitted secondary HIV transmission, which we find to be an important consideration.…”

Global Fund-supported programmes' contribution to international targets and the Millennium Development Goals: an initial analysis

“…The achievement of international goals to control of HIV, TB and malaria by 2015 would result in approximately 50 million lives saved, based on calculations of 31.1 million HIV infections averted, 20 14 million lives saved from TB 17 and a total of 2.5-5 million direct malaria deaths averted by 2015 if mortality is halved by 2015 from a baseline of 1 million direct malaria deaths per year. 21 Overall, Global Fund-supported programmes contribute substantially to international targets, but these require considerably greater financing and service delivery, particularly for HIV, to achieve international targets by 2015.…”

“…Between 2005 and 2015, it is estimated that 31.1 million HIV infections could be averted globally if an effective package of prevention, testing and treatment activities is funded and implemented. 20,23 Further analysis regarding prevention efforts is needed to assess contributions towards the MDGs. The international targets for TB control are to achieve a 70% case detection rate in all high-burden countries and an 85% rate of successful treatment by scaling up quality programmes under DOTS; these interim targets seek to halt increases in and begin to reverse burdens by 2015.…”

Factors Determining Media-based Partner/Spouse Seeking in the Era of HIV and AIDS Pandemic

“…The majority of the respondents were seeking partners without children. This is probably because individuals with children may have high HIV and AIDS prevalence compared from individuals without children due to greater exposure via unprotected sex with partners who may have higher rates of infection [36,37].…”