The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection

Pley, Caitlin; McNaughton, Anna L; Matthews, Philippa C.; Lourenço, José

doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004275

Cited by 67 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This problem is not unique to rabies in Latin America; worldwide, COVID-19 is disrupting control efforts in a plethora of infectious disease programs. Already reported in the literature are flagging efforts to control measles and Hepatitis B Virus, decreased surveillance jeopardizing poliovirus eradication goals, and predicted surges in malaria and Dengue fever cases following pandemic PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES neglect [29,[43][44][45][46][47]. Animal disease control programs including African Swine Fever and tuberculosis surveillance systems are also at risk [48].…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rabies reemergence in Latin America: The case of Arequipa, Peru

et al. 2021

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In Latin America, there has been tremendous progress towards eliminating canine rabies. Major components of rabies elimination programs leading to these successes have been constant and regular surveillance for rabid dogs and uninterrupted yearly mass dog vaccination campaigns. Unfortunately, vital measures to control COVID-19 have had the negative trade-off of jeopardizing these rabies elimination and prevention activities. We aimed to assess the effect of interrupting canine rabies surveillance and mass dog vaccination campaigns on rabies trends. We built a deterministic compartment model of dog rabies dynamics to create a conceptual framework for how different disruptions may affect rabies virus transmission. We parameterized the model for conditions found in Arequipa, Peru, a city with active rabies virus transmission. We examined our results over a range of plausible values for R0 (1.36–2.0). Also, we prospectively evaluated surveillance data during the pandemic to detect temporal changes. Our model suggests that a decrease in canine vaccination coverage as well as decreased surveillance could lead to a sharp rise in canine rabies within months. These results were consistent over all plausible values of R0. Surveillance data from late 2020 and early 2021 confirms that in Arequipa, Peru, rabies cases are on an increasing trajectory. The rising rabies trends in Arequipa, if indicative to the region as whole, suggest that the achievements made in Latin America towards the elimination of dog-mediated human rabies may be in jeopardy.

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Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rabies reemergence in Latin America: The case of Arequipa, Peru

et al. 2021

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“…Notably, HBV-R can be induced by coinfection with HBV and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (32)(33)(34). Other coinfections, such as that with HCV or HDV, can also increase the likelihood of HBV-R (35).…”

Section: Risk Factors and Possible Mechanism Of Hbv-r During Nhl Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

HBV Reactivation During the Treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Management Strategies

Cao

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBV-R), which can lead to HBV-related morbidity and mortality, is a common and well-known complication that occurs during the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients with current or past exposure to HBV infection. HBV-R is thought to be closely associated with chemotherapeutic or immunosuppressive therapies. However, immunosuppressive agents such as anti-CD20 antibodies (e.g., rituximab and ofatumumab), glucocorticoids, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) administered to NHL patients during treatment can cause deep immunodepression and place them at high risk of HBV-R. In this review, we explore the current evidence, the guidelines of several national and international organizations, and the recommendations of expert panels relating to the definition, risk factors, screening and monitoring strategies, whether to use prophylaxis or pre-emptive therapy, and the optimal antiviral agent and duration of antiviral therapy for HBV-R.

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“…In general, regular monitoring and management are recommended to be continued for HBV patients. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, these routine programs may be shut down due to the diversion of funding and overloading of medical services [ 161 ]. Therefore, quantification of serum HBV loads and prediction of HCC risk become the prioritized services to be reorganized in time for HBV patients.…”

Section: The Impact Of Emerging Covid-19 Pandemic On Chb Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Features of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance

Wang

Yeh

Chen

2021

Cancers

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the important risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide, accounting for around 50% of cases. Chronic hepatitis B infection generates an inflammatory microenvironment, in which hepatocytes undergoing repeated cycles of damage and regeneration accumulate genetic mutations predisposing them to cancer. A striking male dominance in HBV-related HCC highlights the influence of sex hormones which interact with viral factors to influence carcinogenesis. HBV is also considered an oncogenic virus since its X and surface mutant proteins showed tumorigenic activity in mouse models. The other unique mechanism is the insertional mutagenesis by integration of HBV genome into hepatocyte chromosomes to activate oncogenes. HCC survival largely depends on tumor stages at diagnosis and effective treatment. However, early diagnosis by the conventional protein biomarkers achieves limited success. A new biomarker, the circulating virus–host chimera DNA from HBV integration sites in HCC, provides a liquid biopsy approach for monitoring the tumor load in the majority of HBV–HCC patients. To maximize the efficacy of new immunotherapies or molecular target therapies, it requires better classification of HCC based on the tumor microenvironment and specific carcinogenic pathways. An in-depth study may benefit both the diagnosis and treatment of HBV-related HCC.

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The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection

Cited by 67 publications

References 20 publications

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rabies reemergence in Latin America: The case of Arequipa, Peru

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rabies reemergence in Latin America: The case of Arequipa, Peru

HBV Reactivation During the Treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Management Strategies

Unique Features of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance

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