The global impact of the transport sectors on atmospheric aerosol: simulations for year 2000 emissions

Righi, Mattia; Hendricks, Johannes; Sausen, R.

doi:10.5194/acp-13-9939-2013

Cited by 79 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…This is still an active area of research. Righi et al (2013) reported a cooling effect of similar magnitude by aviation sulfate aerosols as in this study. Simulations using GATOR-GCMOM (Gas, Aerosol, Transport, Radiation, General-Circulation, Mesoscale, and Ocean Model) (Jacobson et al, 2011(Jacobson et al, , 2013 found a warming effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Regional estimates are provided in Table 3. The negative radiative forcing by aviation aerosols found in this study is similar as in Righi et al (2013). The intensity of the cooling is likely to be dependent on the background cloud drop number concentration.…”

Section: Regional Radiative Forcingsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Aviation sulfate aerosols, however, have been estimated to be producing at present a radiative forcing of −46 mW m −2 by altering the properties of warm clouds , e.g., drop concentration and liquid water path. Similar effects of aviation sulfate aerosols were reported by Righi et al (2013). These values are larger than the potential warming effect of contrails and contrail cirrus.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

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Simulated 2050 aviation radiative forcing from contrails and aerosols

Chen

Gettelman

2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The radiative forcing from aviation-induced cloudiness is investigated by using the Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 (CAM5) in the present (2006) and the future (through 2050). Global flight distance is projected to increase by a factor of 4 between 2006 and 2050. However, simulated contrail cirrus radiative forcing in 2050 can reach 87 mW m −2 , an increase by a factor of 7 from 2006, and thus does not scale linearly with fuel emission mass. This is due to non-uniform regional increase in air traffic and different sensitivities for contrail radiative forcing in different regions.CAM5 simulations indicate that negative radiative forcing induced by the indirect effect of aviation sulfate aerosols on liquid clouds in 2050 can be as large as −160 mW m −2 , an increase by a factor of 4 from 2006. As a result, the net 2050 radiative forcing of contrail cirrus and aviation aerosols may have a cooling effect on the planet. Aviation sulfate aerosols emitted at cruise altitude can be transported down to the lower troposphere, increasing the aerosol concentration, thus increasing the cloud drop number concentration and persistence of low-level clouds. Aviation black carbon aerosols produce a negligible net forcing globally in 2006 and 2050 in this model study.Uncertainties in the methodology and the modeling are significant and discussed in detail. Nevertheless, the projected percentage increase in contrail radiative forcing is important for future aviation impacts. In addition, the role of aviation aerosols in the cloud nucleation processes can greatly influence on the simulated radiative forcing from aircraft-induced cloudiness and even change its sign. Future research to confirm these results is necessary.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Regional Radiative Forcingsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

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Simulated 2050 aviation radiative forcing from contrails and aerosols

Chen

Gettelman

2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Therefore we use the same 15 geographical regions as defined by Righi et al (2013) The contributions of inland navigation and railways are smaller than the uncertainties of the road traffic emissions. Therefore we argue that our results of the land transport sector can be compared with previous studies considering only road traffic emissions (cf.…”

Section: Model Description and Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone

Mertens¹,

Grewe²,

Rieger³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. We quantify the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone for the first time with a chemistry-climate model including an advanced tagging method, which considers not only the emissions of NO x (NO and NO 2 ), CO or non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) separately but the competing effects of all relevant ozone precursors. For summer conditions a contribution of land transport emissions to ground level ozone of up to 18 % in North America and South Europe is estimated, which corresponds to 12 nmol mol 10A more in-depth analysis for the land transport emissions reveals that the two approaches give different results particularly in regions with large emissions (up to a factor of four for Europe). With respect to the contribution of land transport and ship traffic emissions to the tropospheric ozone burden we quantified values of 8 % and 6 % for the land transport and shipping emissions, respectively. Overall, the emissions from land transport contribute to around 20 % of the net ozone production near the source regions, while shipping emissions contribute up to 52 % to the net ozone production in the Northern Pacific. , respectively. Again these results are larger by a factor of 2-3 compared to previous studies using the perturbation approach, but largely agree with previous studies which investigated the difference between the tagging and the perturbation method. Overall our results highlight the importance of differing between the perturbation and the tagging approach, as they answer two different questions. We argue that only the tagging approach can estimate the contribution of emissions, while only 20 the perturbation approach investigates the effect of an emission change. To effectively asses mitigation options both approaches should be combined.

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“…The tropospheric aerosol surface-area concentration climatology (monthly averages repeated every year) for the base simulations has been derived from the LOW_AIR simulation by Righi et al (2013). This simulation was performed with EMAC (MESSy version 1.4) coupled to the aerosol submodel MADE.…”

Section: Surface Area For Heterogeneous Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth System Chemistry integrated Modelling (ESCiMo) with the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) version 2.51

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Three types of reference simulations, as recommended by the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI), have been performed with version 2.51 of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts -Hamburg (ECHAM)/Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model: hindcast simulations , hindcast simulations with specified dynamics , i.e. nudged towards ERA-Interim reanalysis data, and combined hindcast and projection simulations . The manuscript summarizes the updates of the model system and details the different model set-ups used, including the on-line calculated diagnostics. Simulations have been performed with two different nudging setups, with and without interactive tropospheric aerosol, and with and without a coupled ocean model. Two different vertical resolutions have been applied. The on-line calculated sources and sinks of reactive species are quantified and a first evaluation of the simulation results from a global perspective is provided as a quality check of the data. The focus is on the intercomparison of the different model set-ups. The simulation data will become publicly available via CCMI and the Climate and Environmental Retrieval and Archive (CERA) database of the German Climate Computing Centre (DKRZ). This manuscript is intended to serve as an extensive reference for further analyses of the Earth System Chemistry integrated Modelling (ESCiMo) simulations.

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The global impact of the transport sectors on atmospheric aerosol: simulations for year 2000 emissions

Cited by 79 publications

References 80 publications

Simulated 2050 aviation radiative forcing from contrails and aerosols

Simulated 2050 aviation radiative forcing from contrails and aerosols

Revisiting the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone

Earth System Chemistry integrated Modelling (ESCiMo) with the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) version 2.51

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