The global innovation networks and global production networks of firms: Conceptualization and implication

Building Innovation Capabilities for Sustainable Industrialisation

“…To create novel ideas, firms rely on technological capabilities that enable them to master a specific technology, but they also need non-technological capabilities such as those in management, design, or foresight. And a feature of a globalised economy is that innovation is also global (Liu, 2017), implying that a firm's innovation capabilities are also affected by related dependencies such as the position of the firm in global networks. reviewed 25 years of research on learning and innovation capability-building in firms in developing economies, providing an illustrative framework of capability levels through which firms might move over time.…”