The global intellectual property landscape of induced pluripotent stem cell technologies

Roberts, Mark; Wall, Ivan; Bingham, I; Icely, Dominic; Reeve, Brock; Bure, Kim; French, Amanda; Brindley, David

doi:10.1038/nbt.2975

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Greater patent diversity in terms of inventors and assignees can be seen as a positive: preventing a single organization from dominating the market and encouraging other, often-smaller, organizations, to get a piece of the action. On the other hand, it could also lead to patent thickets that hinder development [53], although this does not yet seem to be the case.…”

Section: Product Discovery Stage -Intellectual Propertymentioning

confidence: 98%

Open Access Could Transform Drug Discovery: A Case Study of JQ1

Arshad

Smith

Roberts

et al. 2016

Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery

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Introduction: The cost to develop a new drug from target discovery to market is a staggering $1.8 billion, largely due to the very high attrition rate of drug candidates and the lengthy transition times during development. Open access is an emerging model of open innovation that places no restriction on the use of information and has the potential to accelerate the development of new drugs. Areas Covered: To date, no quantitative assessment has yet taken place to determine the effects and viability of open access on the process of drug translation. This need is addressed within this study. The literature and intellectual property landscapes of the drug candidate JQ1, which was made available on an open access basis when discovered, and conventionally developed equivalents that were not are compared using the Web of Science and Thomson Innovation software, respectively. Expert opinion: Results demonstrate that openly sharing the JQ1 molecule led to a greater uptake by a wider and more multi-disciplinary research community. A comparative analysis of the patent landscapes for each candidate also found that the broader scientific diaspora of the publically released JQ1 data enhanced innovation, evidenced by a greater number of downstream patents filed in relation to JQ1. The authors' findings counter the notion that open access drug discovery would leak commercial intellectual property. On the contrary, JQ1 serves as a test case to evidence that open access drug discovery can be an economic model that potentially improves efficiency and cost of drug discovery and its subsequent commercialization.

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Section: Product Discovery Stage -Intellectual Propertymentioning

confidence: 98%

Open Access Could Transform Drug Discovery: A Case Study of JQ1

Arshad

Smith

Roberts

et al. 2016

Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery

Self Cite

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“…This safety study will use iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelium to restore vision in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration, possibly addressing a large unmet medical need. The spoils of the market are being fought for among a highly fragmented group of dozens of patent holders, a third of which are corporate affiliated (Roberts et al, 2014). Thus, the AIA may provide a way for hungry market entrants to challenge patents on older, foundational research without the standing requirements present in the Consumer Watchdog suit.…”

Section: The Consumer Watchdog and Biogatekeeper Challengesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These limits on challenging patents, combined with a robust licensing market, led stem cell patents to be infrequently challenged prior to the AIA (Roberts et al, 2014). The few challenges that did occur mostly concerned University of Wisconsin professor James Thomson's broad, pioneering human embryonic stem cell (hESC) patents (Plomer et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cell Patents after the America Invents Act

Sherkow

Scott

2015

Cell Stem Cell

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“…At present, PSCs-derived HLCs are a very promising model to study hepatotoxicity in acute treatments, and also in response to chronic drug exposure and repeated dosing (Gomez-Lechon et al 2014;Roberts et al 2014;Mann 2015). Human ESCs and their derivatives do not include all variances in a population or between ethnicities.…”

Section: Advantages and Disadvantages Of Human Hepatic Cell Models: Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human hepatocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells: a promising cell model for drug hepatotoxicity screening

Gómez-Lechón

Tolosa

2016

Arch Toxicol

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Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a frequent cause of failure in both clinical and post-approval stages of drug development, and poses a key challenge to the pharmaceutical industry. Current animal models offer poor prediction of human DILI. Although several human cell-based models have been proposed for the detection of human DILI, human primary hepatocytes remain the gold standard for preclinical toxicological screening. However, their use is hindered by their limited availability, variability and phenotypic instability. In contrast, pluripotent stem cells, which include embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), proliferate extensively in vitro and can be differentiated into hepatocytes by the addition of soluble factors. This provides a stable source of hepatocytes for multiple applications, including early preclinical hepatotoxicity screening. In addition, iPSCs also have the potential to establish genotype-specific cells from different individuals, which would increase the predictivity of toxicity assays allowing more successful clinical trials. Therefore, the generation of human hepatocyte-like cells derived from pluripotent stem cells seems to be promising for overcoming limitations of hepatocyte preparations, and it is expected to have a substantial repercussion in preclinical hepatotoxicity risk assessment in early drug development stages.

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The global intellectual property landscape of induced pluripotent stem cell technologies

Cited by 35 publications

References 14 publications

Open Access Could Transform Drug Discovery: A Case Study of JQ1

Open Access Could Transform Drug Discovery: A Case Study of JQ1

Stem Cell Patents after the America Invents Act

Human hepatocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells: a promising cell model for drug hepatotoxicity screening

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