The global nitrous oxide budget revisited

Syakila, Alfi; Kroeze, Carolien

doi:10.3763/ghgmm.2010.0007

Cited by 519 publications

(354 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

328

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The year 2000 ratios of emission per area are applied to future changes in crop or pasture area to compute future LULCC N 2 O emissions for all scenarios. This assumes no future trends in the rates per cultivated land area of the major agricultural N sources: N fertilizer application and animal waste management (Syakila and Kroeze, 2011). Our approach results in increased N 2 O emissions from agriculture between years 2010 and 2100 for RCP2.6, RCP8.5, and the theoretical extreme case (Table 1) …”

Section: N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Future land cover change, particularly the theoretical extreme case, could lead to further reductions in natural N 2 O emissions through the year 2100. However, not enough is known about global natural N 2 O emissions to justify changing the future emission rate for this analysis (Syakila and Kroeze, 2011).…”

Section: N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anthropogenic emissions of N 2 O have been partitioned into agricultural (LULCC) and other anthropogenic (primarily fossil fuel) sources, which have been further partitioned into animal production and cultivation sources for years prior to 2006 (Syakila and Kroeze, 2011). We compute the global N 2 O emitted per area covered by crop or pasture in the year 2000 using these estimates.…”

Section: N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Potential climate forcing of land use and land cover change

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Pressure on land resources is expected to increase as global population continues to climb and the world becomes more affluent, swelling the demand for food. Changing climate may exert additional pressures on natural lands as present-day productive regions may shift, or soil quality may degrade, and the recent rise in demand for biofuels increases competition with edible crops for arable land. Given these projected trends there is a need to understand the global climate impacts of land use and land cover change (LULCC). Here we quantify the climate impacts of global LULCC in terms of modifications to the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation at the top of the atmosphere (radiative forcing, RF) that are caused by changes in long-lived and short-lived greenhouse gas concentrations, aerosol effects, and land surface albedo. We attribute historical changes in terrestrial carbon storage, global fire emissions, secondary organic aerosol emissions, and surface albedo to LULCC using simulations with the Community Land Model version 3.5. These LULCC emissions are combined with estimates of agricultural emissions of important trace gases and mineral dust in two sets of Community Atmosphere Model simulations to calculate the RF of changes in atmospheric chemistry and aerosol concentrations attributed to LULCC. With all forcing agents considered together, we show that 40 % (±16 %) of the present-day anthropogenic RF can be attributed to LULCC. Changes in the emission of non-CO 2 greenhouse gases and aerosols from LULCC enhance the total LULCC RF by a factor of 2 to 3 with respect to the LULCC RF from CO 2 alone. This enhancement factor also applies to projected LULCC RF, which we compute for four future scenarios associated with the Representative Concentration Pathways. We attribute total RFs between 0.9 and 1.9 W m −2 to LULCC for the year 2100 (relative to a preindustrial state). To place an upper bound on the potential of LULCC to alter the global radiation budget, we include a fifth scenario in which all arable land is cultivated by 2100. This theoretical extreme case leads to a LULCC RF of 3.9 W m −2 (±0.9 W m −2 ), suggesting that not only energy policy but also land policy is necessary to minimize future increases in RF and associated climate changes.

show abstract

Section: N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Potential climate forcing of land use and land cover change

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Agriculture, incorporating forestry, and other land uses (AFOLU), is estimated to be responsible for just under a quarter of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (IPCC, 2014) with food production estimated to be responsible for generating 60% of anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions in 2006 (Syakila and Kroeze, 2011). The primary driver for increased concentrations of N 2 O is enhanced microbial activity in highly fertilised agricultural lands (IPCC, 2007), with the accelerating use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilisers driving this increase since the 1960s (Davidson, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing nitrous oxide emissions by changing N fertiliser use from calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) to urea based formulations

Harty

Forrestal

Watson

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

*Corresponding authors karl.richards@teagasc.ieHighlights  The N 2 O emission factor for CAN was substantially higher than the IPCC default and highly variable between sites and across years. Urea products decreased direct N 2 O emissions from CAN on average by 80%  Switching from CAN to urea products reduces both N 2 O emissions and fertiliser costs. 3 AbstractThe accelerating use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilisers, to meet the world's growing food demand, is the primary driver for increased atmospheric concentrations of nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The IPCC default emission factor (EF) for N 2 O from soils is 1% of the N applied, irrespective of its form. However, N 2 O emissions tend to be higher from nitrate-containing fertilisers e.g. calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) compared to urea, particularly in regions, which have mild, wet climates and high organic matter soils. Urea can be an inefficient N source due to NH 3 volatilisation, but nitrogen stabilisers (urease and nitrification inhibitors) can improve its efficacy. This study evaluated the impact of switching fertiliser formulation from calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) to urea-based products, as a potential mitigation strategy to reduce N 2 O emissions at six temperate grassland sites on the island of Ireland. The surface applied formulations included CAN, urea and urea with the urease inhibitor N-(nbutyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and/or the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD). Results showed that N 2 O emissions were significantly affected by fertiliser formulation, soil type and climatic conditions. The direct N 2 O emission factor (EF) from CAN averaged 1.49% overall sites, but was highly variable, ranging from 0.58% to 3.81.Amending urea with NBPT, to reduce ammonia volatilisation, resulted in an average EF of 0.40% (ranging from 0.21 to 0.69%)-compared to an average EF of 0.25% for urea (ranging from 0.1 to 0.49%), with both fertilisers significantly lower and less variable than CAN.Cumulative N 2 O emissions from urea amended with both NBPT and DCD were not significantly different from background levels. Switching from CAN to stabilised urea formulations was found to be an effective strategy to reduce N 2 O emissions, particularly in wet, temperate grassland. 4Key words nitrous oxide mitigation; emission factor; calcium ammonium nitrate; stabilised urea; nitrification inhibitor Dicyandiamide (DCD); urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT).5

show abstract

“…Manure-derived nitrous oxide (N 2 O) accounts for 44 % of total anthropogenic N 2 O emissions, which is the largest anthropogenic stratospheric ozone-depleting substance and the third most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas (Davidson, 2009;Davidson and Kanter, 2014;Tian et al, 2016). It has been suggested that manure was the single largest source of the anthropogenic emission of N 2 O in the 2000s (Davidson, 2009;Davidson and Kanter, 2014;Syakila and Kroeze, 2011). At the same time, manure also acted as the dominant source of ammonia (NH 3 ), which played a vital role in the formation of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), such as PM 2.5 , and atmospheric nitrogen deposition (Behera et al, 2013;Sutton et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global manure nitrogen production and application in cropland during 1860–2014: a 5 arcmin gridded global dataset for Earth system modeling

Zhang

Tian

Lü

et al. 2017

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

162

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Given the important role of nitrogen input from livestock systems in terrestrial nutrient cycles and the atmospheric chemical composition, it is vital to have a robust estimation of the magnitude and spatiotemporal variation in manure nitrogen production and its application to cropland across the globe. In this study, we used the dataset from the Global Livestock Impact Mapping System (GLIMS) in conjunction with country-specific annual livestock populations to reconstruct the manure nitrogen production during 1860-2014. The estimated manure nitrogen production increased from 21.4 Tg N yr −1 in 1860 to 131.0 Tg N yr −1 in 2014 with a significant annual increasing trend (0.7 Tg N yr −1 , p < 0.01). Changes in manure nitrogen production exhibited high spatial variability and concentrated in several hotspots (e.g., Western Europe, India, northeastern China, and southeastern Australia) across the globe over the study period. In the 1860s, the northern midlatitude region was the largest manure producer, accounting for ∼ 52 % of the global total, while low-latitude regions became the largest share (∼ 48 %) in the most recent 5 years (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014). Among all the continents, Asia accounted for over one-fourth of the global manure production during 1860-2014. Cattle dominated the manure nitrogen production and contributed ∼ 44 % of the total manure nitrogen production in 2014, followed by goats, sheep, swine, and chickens. The manure nitrogen application to cropland accounts for less than one-fifth of the total manure nitrogen production over the study period. The 5 arcmin gridded global dataset of manure nitrogen production generated from this study could be used as an input for global or regional land surface and ecosystem models to evaluate the impacts of manure nitrogen on key biogeochemical processes and water quality. To ensure food security and environmental sustainability, it is necessary to implement proper manure management practices on cropland across the globe. Datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.871980 .

show abstract

The global nitrous oxide budget revisited

Cited by 519 publications

References 34 publications

Potential climate forcing of land use and land cover change

Potential climate forcing of land use and land cover change

Reducing nitrous oxide emissions by changing N fertiliser use from calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) to urea based formulations

Global manure nitrogen production and application in cropland during 1860–2014: a 5 arcmin gridded global dataset for Earth system modeling

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The global nitrous oxide budget revisited

Cited by 519 publications

References 34 publications

Potential climate forcing of land use and land cover change

Potential climate forcing of land use and land cover change

Reducing nitrous oxide emissions by changing N fertiliser use from calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) to urea based formulations

Global manure nitrogen production and application in cropland during 1860–2014: a 5 arcmin gridded global dataset for Earth system modeling

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Global manure nitrogen production and application in cropland during 1860–2014: a 5 arcmin gridded global dataset for Earth system modeling