The global obesity epidemic: Snacking and obesity may start with free meals during infant feeding

Erlanson–Albertsson, Charlotte; Zetterström, Rolf

doi:10.1080/08035250500323780

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…For instance, Koletzko and colleagues have demonstrated that no differences in weight gain are seen in babies fed low-protein formula [119]. Maternal diet during lactation [and hence the content of the milk] [120] and even the frequency of feeding may also affect the baby's risk of developing obesity [121,122], as can the timing of the introduction of formula or solid food [123]. For instance, maintaining a diet of organic dairy and meat products increases the breast milk content of conjugated linoleic acid isomers [120].…”

Section: Postnatal Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Programming of Obesity: The Impact of the Perinatal Environment on the Development of Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction in the Offspring.

Spencer

2012

CDR

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It is now well accepted that early life events can contribute substantially to the likelihood of an individual becoming obese, although many of the mechanisms for this are not well understood. Maternal over-and under-nutrition as well as the postnatal nutritional environment can contribute significantly to obesity throughout life. This review will provide an overview of early life events associated with neuroendocrine programming of obesity and metabolic dysfunction. In particular this review will focus on the long-term impact of perinatal nutrition, as well as the perinatal role of leptin, insulin, and glucocorticoids in programming the hypothalamic circuitry responsible for appropriate regulation of feeding and metabolism throughout life.

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Section: Postnatal Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Programming of Obesity: The Impact of the Perinatal Environment on the Development of Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction in the Offspring.

Spencer

2012

CDR

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“…Among alimentary behaviors, snacking activity has been identified as one potential cause of obesity and/or overweight in childhood and adolescent [7]. Following Hampl [8], a child who's getting more than 15-20% of his/her daily caloric intake from snacks can be defined as a "snacker".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The "Snacking Child" and its social network: some insights from an italian survey

Gregori

Foltran

Ghidina³

et al. 2011

Nutr J

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BackgroundThe hypothesis underlying this work is that the social network of a child might have an impact on the alimentary behaviors, in particular for what concerns snack consumption patterns.Methods1215 Italian children 6-10 ys old were interviewed using a CATI facility in January 2010. 608 "snackers" and 607 "no-snackers" were identified. Information regarding family composition, child and relatives BMI, mother perception of child weight, child, father and mother physical activity, TV watching, social network, leisure time habits and dietary habits of peers, were collected. Association of variables with the status of snacker was investigated using a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsSnackers children seem to be part of more numerous social network (1.40 friends vs 1.14, p = 0.042) where the majority of peers are also eating snacks, this percentage being significantly higher (89.5 vs 76.3, p < 0.001) than in the "no-snacker" group. The snacking group is identified by the fact that it tends to practice at least 4 hours per week of physical activity (OR: 1.36, CI: 1.03-1.9). No evidence of an association between snacking consumption and overweight status has been shown by our study.ConclusionsThe snacking child has more active peer-to-peer social relationships, mostly related with sport activities. However, spending leisure time in sportive activities implies being part of a social environment which is definitely a positive one from the point of view of obesity control, and indeed, no increase of overweight/obesity is seen in relation to snack consumption.

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“…High-fat diet has been associated as a major factor causing obesity where as some foods like whole grains, vegetables, fruits and nuts are categorized as weight-control foods [64,65]. Few probable ways by which diet affects body weight are control of satiety and metabolic efficiency, or modulation of insulin secretion and action [66].…”

Section: Patents In the Field Of Medicine Fat Metabolism And Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Patents in the Field of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics: A Review

Dixit¹,

Wagle²,

Vakil³

2016

J Food Microbiol Saf Hyg

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The review is aimed at presenting the advances in the field of probiotics based on information gleaned from the patents filed internationally in last 15 years. The review explains the concept of probiotics and discusses the established microbes like lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and some emerging new candidates. The global market trend for probiotics is presented with related aspect of business, how patents can be leveraged as business tool to create monopoly and secure future business. Patents related to GIT are discussed at length. The scope has expanded considerably now and patents related to important findings as judged from claims from such patents are explained in depth. Further, more patents that are studied pertain to novel applications related to fat metabolism, obesity, weight management, oral health, anticancer treatments, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, etc. Few other patents foraying in to the area of immunomodulation, allergies and antioxidant activity are taken into consideration. Other patents are also included that address the challenges related to dreadful viral diseases including AIDS and rare but serious inborn errors of metabolism. The review also enlists salient features of patents dealing with therapeutic effects with existing gut probiotics but with increased viability, use of unconventional bacterial probiotic strains capable of surviving in hostile gut conditions, innovative compositions to increase acceptability and novel methods to deliver the same. New research pertaining to probiotics having role in cosmetics & skin care and veterinary applications is also taken into account. The review is concluded by throwing some light on the trend in the ongoing research as well as some speculation on the future trend. It can be envisaged that the rapid advances in the field certainly hold a huge promise to mankind as it has tremendous scope to deliver a plethora of health advantages.

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The global obesity epidemic: Snacking and obesity may start with free meals during infant feeding

Abstract: We hypothesize that non-rule breastfeeding favours the development of snacking throughout the day during childhood, a habit which in turn favours the development of obesity.

Cited by 30 publications

References 90 publications

Early Life Programming of Obesity: The Impact of the Perinatal Environment on the Development of Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction in the Offspring.

Early Life Programming of Obesity: The Impact of the Perinatal Environment on the Development of Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction in the Offspring.

The "Snacking Child" and its social network: some insights from an italian survey

Patents in the Field of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics: A Review

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