The Global Polio Eradication Initiative: Progress, Lessons Learned, And Polio Legacy Transition Planning

Abstract

The world is closer than ever to achieving global polio eradication, with record-low polio cases in 2015 and the impending prospect of a polio-free Africa. Tens of millions of volunteers, social mobilizers, and health workers have participated in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. The program contributes to efforts to deliver other health benefits, including health systems strengthening. As the initiative nears completion after more than twenty-five years, it becomes critical to document and transition the knowledge, lessons learned, assets, and infrastructure accumulated by the initiative to address other health goals and priorities. The primary goals of this process, known as polio legacy transition planning, are both to protect a polio-free world and to ensure that investments in polio eradication will contribute to other health goals after polio is completely eradicated. The initiative is engaged in an extensive transition process of consultations and planning at the global, regional, and country levels. A successful completion of this process will result in a well-planned and -managed conclusion of the initiative that will secure the global public good gained by ending one of the world's most devastating diseases and ensure that these investments provide public health benefits for years to come.

Immunoprophylaxy of Polyomyelitis: From the First Inactive to the Last Peroral Vaccine, or How Close Is the «end of the Game»?

“…Поэтому особенностями плана стратегии ликвидации вируса полиомиелита с 2016 г. являются: переход с трех-валентной на бивалентную ОПВ (без 2 типа), в последую-щем планомерный отказ от применения ОПВ во всем мире (2019), а также окончательная ликвидация циркуля-ции WPV1 и вакцинородственных штаммов [18].…”

WHO Polio Eradication Program: Problems and Solutions

“…С 2000 г. в мире не отмеча-лось заболеваемости, обусловленной диким штаммом 2-го типа (последний случай выявлен в Индии в 1999 г.) [5,10,38]. Однако ликвидировать полиомиелит в мире не удалось.…”

“…-переход с трех-на бивалент-ную ОПВ (без 2-го типа) [38,44]. Стратегия планомерного отказа от ОПВ обусловле-на тем, что по мере эрадикации диких вирусов полиоми-елита в различных регионах, все более значимы стали недостатки используемой ОПВ.…”

Poliovirus Receptor: More than a simple viral receptor

“…Since major vaccination campaigns began in the 1950’s, the incidence rate of poliomyelitis has dramatically decreased. In 2015, there were fewer than 100 reported cases of poliomyelitis with only two countries, Afghanistan and Pakistan, reporting endemic transmission (Cochi et al, 2016). Although political instability has limited full vaccination efforts, it is a strong possibility that wild-type poliovirus transmission could be eradicated within the next decade (Cochi et al, 2016; Kennedy et al, 2015).…”