The Global Prevalence and Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Firănescu, Adela-Gabriela; Popa, Adina; Sandu, Maria-Magdalena; Protasiewicz, Diana Cristina; Popa, Simona; Moța, Maria

doi:10.1515/rjdnmd-2016-0038

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…As per the global prevalence of DM, diabetes is higher in men than women (215.2 million Men vs. 199.5 million Women). 22 As diabetes mellitus is more common in men than in women, chances of acquiring TB are higher in males than in females. Male predominance may be due to more exposure to risk factors such as smoking, outdoor activity, HIV-TB co-infection and airborne transmissibility of the pathogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus and lower respiratory tract infection

Kale¹,

Kanade²,

Nataraj³

et al. 2020

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) still remains a global public health problem. Diabetes Mellitus (DM), is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia. Diabetes along with poor glycaemic control leads to an immune compromised state. As prevalence of both TB and DM is increasing in India, this association of PTB and DM may prove a threat to TB control program. Aims and objectives of the study was to detect prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with DM and Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI).Methods: Sputum specimen from consecutive 250 known diabetic adult patients with type 2 diabetes and clinical evidence of LRTI were processed for microscopy, solid culture and Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Clinical findings, duration of DM, regularity of treatment and recent fasting blood glucose level were noted.Results: TB was detected in 31(12.8%) patients. Microscopy, culture and Xpert assay were positive in 14(5.6%), 29(11.6%) and 24(9.5%) cases respectively. Culture detected seven cases more than Xpert assay. Two additional cases were detected by Xpert assay than culture. Rifampicin resistance was detected in seven (29.17%) cases by Xpert assay. TB detection rate was higher in patients with more than two weeks of cough (14.38%), history of tuberculosis (15.9%), hyperglycemia (13.9%) and significantly higher in those with irregular anti-diabetic treatment (35.7%).Conclusions: Irregular anti-diabetic treatment, hyperglycaemia and history of tuberculosis were strongly associated with pulmonary TB. Xpert assay should be used as the initial diagnostic test for detection of tuberculosis as well as rifampicin resistance in diabetic patients by TB control programme.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus and lower respiratory tract infection

Kale¹,

Kanade²,

Nataraj³

et al. 2020

Int J Res Med Sci

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“…The association between type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is well-documented (1,2,3,4,5,35), and it is recognized that most individuals do not just develop DM and TB overnight, they go through prolonged intermediate phase of pre-diabetes (PDM) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) respectively. However, there is paucity of data on PDM and LTBI from the DM-and TB laden countries to inform recommendations on intervention in those settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concurrent type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common co-morbid and mortal conditions worldwide. Available reports indicate that more than 70% of patients with DM live in the low -and middle-countries (LMICs) and that up to 95% of TB patients also live in the same countries [1,2]; where the prevalence of these diseases continues to increase in parallel [3]. The harmful confluence of these two chronic disorders along with its attendant immunosuppressive effects has been noted as one of the most costly and burdensome health problems of the present times [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Determinants of Pre-diabetes and Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Adults in Three Communities in Southern Nigeria

Akinshipe¹,

Yusuf²,

Akinshipe³

et al. 2019

IJI

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is commonly associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and vice versa. Although most individuals with DM and TB pass through intermediate state of pre-diabetes mellitus (PDM) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) respectively, however, data is scant on PDM and LTBI in co-endemic populations to inform recommendations on intervention in those settings. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PDM and LTBI and determine the susceptibility factors among presumably low-risk adults in a high DM-and TB setting. A cross-sectional study of 352 ablebodied adults was conducted in three communities representative of the southern Nigeria population. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data of the participants were collected using a modified WHO STEPS Wise instrument. A single random blood sample was used to measure glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c) using Cobas c111 Auto-analyzer and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) production with the aid of Quantiferon TB-Gold-In Tube (QFT-GIT) kit. Pre-diabetes was defined as HbA 1c between 5.7-6.4% and LTBI as INF-γ positivity (≥0.35 IU/ml). Overall, the prevalence of PDM was 29 (8.2%) (95% CI: 6.4-9.4%) and LTBI 83 (23.6%) (95% CI: 21.6-27.3%), while 9 (2.6%) had dual PDM-LTBI. The urbanites recorded higher PDM 15 (12.8%) (X 2 =6.340, p=0.022) whereas LTBI was higher among villagers 48 (43.6%) (X 2 =36.503, p=0.0001). Risk factors associated with PDM and LTBI were: residence status, aging, smoking, familial DM and non-BCG vaccination. Aging was the single most important predictor of PDM (X 2 =8.469, p=0.007), LTBI (X 2 =59.541, p=0.001); with aged 50-59 years having four-fold higher risk of PDM-LTBI (OR=4.72, 95% CI=3.25; p=0.0001). These findings indicate that one in twelve and one in four presumably healthy persons screened were found to harbor PDM and LTBI respectively. There is a twin epidemic of PDM and LTBI among southern Nigeria adults. Susceptibility pattern suggests environmental, familial and cumulative lifetime risks. 'Syndemic' DM and TB in the area is imminent in the absence of timeous intervention.

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“…The increasing prevalence and convergence of DM and TB is an emerging public health problem, especially among adults in the lower-and middle-income countries (LMICs) where both disorders are common. 1,2 For instance, Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa and currently rated 6th globally among 22 high TB-burden countries (HBCS), has been noted to be facing an increasing rate of DM among its adult population; this carries with it a concomitant increase in the prevalence of TB. 3,4 The reason for the increased risk of DM in TB-endemic areas and vice versa is not yet clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein among apparently healthy adults with concomitant prediabetes and latent tuberculosis infection in Nigeria

et al. 2021

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Background: The increasing prevalence and convergence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and active tuberculosis (TB) comorbidity, especially in adults in the lower-and middle-income countries, demand new approaches to control the ‘syndemic’. Consequently, we set out to investigate the possibility of early detection of prediabetes mellitus and/or latent tuberculosis infection using novel method.Methods: This was a case-control study of 105 adults classified into 4 groups: Healthy Community Controls (HCC, n=30); Prediabetes mellitus (PDM, n=25); Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI, n=23); Individuals with Prediabetes mellitus+Latent Tuberculosis Infection (PDM+LTBI, n=27). Sera collected were assayed for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) using the ultra-sensitive Human high sensitivity C-reactive protein ELISA Kit (Melsin Medical Co., Ltd, China). Other ancillary tests and measurements done include Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, serum Glycated-hemoglobin (HbA1c), Interferon-gamma (INF-ϒ) and Waist circumference.Results: A total of 88 (83.8%) of the enrolled participants had full complement of results and were included in the analysis of four study groups: HCC (n=25), PDM (n=21), LTBI (n=19) and PDM+ LTBI (n=23). With respect to the serum biomarkers, isolated PDM and LTBI cases recorded significantly higher HbA1c (%) and INF-ϒ positivity respectively. Predictors of PDM+LTBI show statistically significant higher tertile (T3), representing elevated hs-CRP levels, (OR=6.50, 95% CI=4.83-22.39, p=0.0037).Conclusions: This study revealed that persons harboring the two associated asymptomatic conditions, PDM + LTBI have higher inflammatory state detectable by assaying the biomarker, hs-CRP, which could be used for ‘one-time bi-directional targeted screening’ for PDM in LTBI and vice versa.

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The Global Prevalence and Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus and lower respiratory tract infection

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus and lower respiratory tract infection

Prevalence and Determinants of Pre-diabetes and Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Adults in Three Communities in Southern Nigeria

Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein among apparently healthy adults with concomitant prediabetes and latent tuberculosis infection in Nigeria

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