The Global Prevalence of Human Fascioliasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Hepatic Phase of Fascioliasis Complicated with Liver Bleeding: Presentation of Three Cases

“…Atypical clinical manifestations, such as acute pancreatitis ( 2 ), extrahepatic fascioliasis with peritoneal malignancy tumor feature, subcapsular hepatic hematoma ( 1 , 4 , 5 ) and multiple brain hemorrhages and hematomas associated with ectopic fascioliasis in brain and eye, have been reported previously ( 6 ).…”

“…The hepatic phase begins with the slow migration of Fasciola hepatica through the liver parenchyma; the mature flukes digest and consume hepatocytes, dig tunnels and caves, and reside in the liver for months. The hepatic phase is characterized by fever with chills, upper abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, mild hepatitis, weight loss, and prominent eosinophilia ( 1 – 3 ). Sub-capsular hematomas and hemobilia have been reported in very rare cases ( 4 , 5 ).…”

“…F ascioliasis is an infection caused by liver flukes, Fasciol hepatica, or F. gigantica . Fascioliasis has a broad geographic distribution and the majority of cases have been reported from a few discrete regions of the world ( 1 ). Human fascioliasis is a rare disease and infection most commonly involves the liver.…”

“…Initially, signs and symptoms of the acute hepatic phase are abdominal pain located in the upper quadrant, fever, mild hepatomegaly, eosinophilia, and mildly elevated liver enzymes. Intermittent right upper quadrant pain with or without cholestasis is a prominent feature of chronic biliary phase ( 1 – 3 ).…”