The global serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in felids during the last five decades (1967–2017): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Montazeri, Mahbobeh; Galeh, Tahereh Mikaeili; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Sarvi, Shahabeddin; Dodangeh, Samira; Javidnia, Javad; Sharif, Mehdi; Daryani, Ahmad

doi:10.1186/s13071-020-3954-1

Cited by 106 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…To date, different surveys have been focused on domestic and wild felids in order to determine aspects as seroprevalence rates of anti-T. gondii antibodies, frequency of oocysts excretion and soil presence worldwide [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] , but with a certain degree of variance among studies. A systematic review recently assessed the seroprevalence of T. gondii in felids from 1967 to 2017 with a search strategy restricted to articles in English 37 . So that, the present investigation was aimed to determine the global frequency of T. gondii infections in domestic cats and wild felids, the occurrence of T. gondii-like oocysts shedding, and the frequency of oocysts in soil; such information will be useful to implement further measures aiming to reduce animal and human infections under a One Health perspective.…”

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confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic and wild felids as public health concerns: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hatam-Nahavandi

Calero‐Bernal

Rahimi

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Felidae as definitive hosts for Toxoplasma gondii play a major role in transmission to all warm-blooded animals trough oocysts dissemination. Therefore the current comprehensive study was performed to determine the global status of T. gondii infection in domestic and wild felids aiming to provide comprehensive data of interest for further intervention approaching the One Health perspective. Different databases were searched by utilizing particular key words for publications related to T. gondii infecting domestic and wild feline host species, worldwide, from 1970 to 2020. The review of 337 reports showed that the seroprevalence of T. gondii in domestic cats and wild felids was estimated in 37.5% (95% CI 34.7–40.3) (I2 = 98.3%, P < 0.001) and 64% (95% CI 60–67.9) (I2 = 88%, P < 0.0001), respectively. The global pooled prevalence of oocysts in the fecal examined specimens from domestic cats was estimated in 2.6% (95% CI 1.9–3.3) (I2 = 96.1%, P < 0.0001), and that in fecal samples from wild felids was estimated in 2.4% (95% CI 1.1–4.2) (I2 = 86.4%, P < 0.0001). In addition, from 13,252 examined soil samples in 14 reviewed studies, the pooled occurrence of T. gondii oocysts was determined in 16.2% (95% CI 7.66–27.03%). The observed high rates of anti-T. gondii antibodies seroprevalence levels and oocyst excretion frequency in the felids, along with soil (environmental) contamination with oocysts may constitute a potential threat to animal and public health, and data will result of interest in further prophylaxis programs.

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confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic and wild felids as public health concerns: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hatam-Nahavandi

Calero‐Bernal

Rahimi

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Concerning toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii is its causative agent. It is an infectious zoonotic disease highly prevalent in humans in several regions including Brazil (77.5%), Sao Tome and Principe (75.2%), Iran (63.9%), Colombia (63.5%), and Cuba (61.8%) (Montazeri et al 2020 ). Dealing with trypanosomes, these could cause African and American trypanosomiasis, whereas human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and another chronic form occurring mostly in West and Central Africa, caused by T. brucei gambiense .…”

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confidence: 99%

The host mTOR pathway and parasitic diseases pathogenesis

et al. 2021

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The mechanistic (or mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) is considered as a critical regulatory enzyme involved in essential signaling pathways affecting cell growth, cell proliferation, protein translation, regulation of cellular metabolism, and cytoskeletal structure. Also, mTOR signaling has crucial roles in cell homeostasis via processes such as autophagy. Autophagy prevents many pathogen infections and is involved on immunosurveillance and pathogenesis. Immune responses and autophagy are therefore key host responses and both are linked by complex mTOR regulatory mechanisms. In recent years, the mTOR pathway has been highlighted in different diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and infectious and parasitic diseases including leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, and malaria. The current review underlines the implications of mTOR signals and intricate networks on pathogen infections and the modulation of this master regulator by parasites. Parasitic infections are able to induce dynamic metabolic reprogramming leading to mTOR alterations in spite of many other ways impacting this regulatory network. Accordingly, the identification of parasite effects and interactions over such a complex modulation might reveal novel information regarding the biology of the abovementioned parasites and might allow the development of therapeutic strategies against parasitic diseases. In this sense, the effects of inhibiting the mTOR pathways are also considered in this context in the light of their potential for the prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases.

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“…Felids acquire infection by carnivorism by ingesting prey tissue containing cysts or, more rarely, oocysts. From a systematic review and meta-analysis (from 1967 to 2017) the worldwide seroprevalence of T. gondii has been estimated to be 35% in domestic cat and 51% in wild felids respectively (Montazeri et al, 2020). T. gondii infections are highly prevalent in both sheep and goats and have been found in small ruminants worldwide (Stelzer et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Limitations and New Insights Into the Toxoplasma gondii Parasite Stage Switching for Future Vaccine Development in Human, Livestock, and Cats

Mévélec

Lakhrif

Dimier‐Poisson

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease affecting human, livestock and cat. Prophylactic strategies would be ideal to prevent infection. In a One Health vaccination approach, the objectives would be the prevention of congenital disease in both women and livestock, prevention/reduction of T. gondii tissue cysts in food-producing animals; and oocyst shedding in cats. Over the last few years, an explosion of strategies for vaccine development, especially due to the development of genetic-engineering technologies has emerged. The field of vaccinology has been exploring safer vaccines by the generation of recombinant immunogenic proteins, naked DNA vaccines, and viral/bacterial recombinants vectors. These strategies based on single- or few antigens, are less efficacious than recombinant live-attenuated, mostly tachyzoite T. gondii vaccine candidates. Reflections on the development of an anti-Toxoplasma vaccine must focus not only on the appropriate route of administration, capable of inducing efficient immune response, but also on the choice of the antigen (s) of interest and the associated delivery systems. To answer these questions, the choice of the animal model is essential. If mice helped in understanding the protection mechanisms, the data obtained cannot be directly transposed to humans, livestock and cats. Moreover, effectiveness vaccines should elicit strong and protective humoral and cellular immune responses at both local and systemic levels against the different stages of the parasite. Finally, challenge protocols should use the oral route, major natural route of infection, either by feeding tissue cysts or oocysts from different T. gondii strains. Effective Toxoplasma vaccines depend on our understanding of the (1) protective host immune response during T. gondii invasion and infection in the different hosts, (2) manipulation and modulation of host immune response to ensure survival of the parasites able to evade and subvert host immunity, (3) molecular mechanisms that define specific stage development. This review presents an overview of the key limitations for the development of an effective vaccine and highlights the contributions made by recent studies on the mechanisms behind stage switching to offer interesting perspectives for vaccine development.

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The global serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in felids during the last five decades (1967–2017): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 106 publications

References 38 publications

Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic and wild felids as public health concerns: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic and wild felids as public health concerns: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The host mTOR pathway and parasitic diseases pathogenesis

Key Limitations and New Insights Into the Toxoplasma gondii Parasite Stage Switching for Future Vaccine Development in Human, Livestock, and Cats

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