The Global Snake Bite Initiative: an antidote for snake bite

Williams, David J.; Gutiérrez, José Marı́a; Harrison, Robert A.; Warrell, David A.; White, Julian; Winkel, Kenneth D.; Gopalakrishnakone, P.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61159-4

Cited by 316 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Unlike many of these other public health risks, however, the burden of human suffering caused by snake bite remains unrecognized, invisible, and unheard by the global public health community, forgotten by development agencies and governments alike. The problem is so underrated that it was only added to WHO's list of neglected tropical diseases in April, 2009 [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Profile of Snake Bite at Tertiary Care Hospital, North India

Anjum¹,

Husain²,

Hanif³

et al. 2012

J Forensic Res

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This hospital based prospective study was conducted from September 2009 to September 2011.All the patients irrespective of age and sex, who reported with history of snake bite were included in the study. A total 169 snake bite patients, consisting of 116 (68.7%) male and 53 (31.3%) female [mean (SD) age 32±12 years] were admitted to the hospital during the study period, the ratio being 2.2:1. The majority of victims belonged to rural areas (67.5%) and most vulnerable occupation group was the people involved in agricultural activities (48.5%). The study population was predominately bitten outdoors (62.7%). Most of the time people could not identify the snake (52.1%) and among identified poisonous snakes Elapidae and Viperidae type were 15.4% and 13.0% respectively. The maximum cases of snakebite were recorded in the 3rd quarter of the year (67.4%) and peak incidence of snake bite was recorded in the time between 6:00 PM to 12:00 midnight (30.2%). In 69.2% of cases, the site of snake bite was lower limbs. The commonest manifestation was fright (85.2%) followed by pain at local site (57.9%). Majority of the victims were treated with ASV (81.1%) and most of them survived (92%).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Profile of Snake Bite at Tertiary Care Hospital, North India

Anjum¹,

Husain²,

Hanif³

et al. 2012

J Forensic Res

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“…In addition, differences in clinical manifestations of snake bite due to same species in different geographical regions have also been seen and attributed to variations in type of venom (3) . India harbors more than 250 species and subspecies of snakes, of which about 50 are venomous (4) . In India, "big four" medically important species considered are Naja naja, Bungarus caeruleus, Daboia russelii and Echis carinatus (5) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury by Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in Snakebite Patients

Panchalwar¹

2017

jmscr

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“…It has been estimated that the annual number of snakebite accidents in the world is around 5 million, among which, 20,000 to 94,000 result in the death of the patient [1][2][3]. In general, accidents caused by species within the Viperidae family (Bothrops spp., Crotalus spp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MOST PROMISING FRACTION OF Swietenia macrophylla ACTIVE AGAINST MYOTOXIC PHOSPHOLIPASES A2 : IDENTIFICATION OF CATECHIN AS ONE OF THE ACTIVE COMPOUNDS

Preciado

Pereañez

Núñez

et al. 2016

Vitae

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Background: The pharmacological effects produced by snakebite accidents involve the actions of several enzymes, of which those of the phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 ) exhibit a wide variety of effects such as edema and myotoxicity. Some plant extracts have been antagonists of crude snake venoms and toxins. Based on promising bioactivity, Swietenia macrophylla King was selected for further studies. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the PLA 2 inhibitors present in the crude extract of S. macrophylla that could be promising leads in neutralizing the local effects of ophidian accidents. Methods: Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of S. macrophylla lead to the detection of (+)-catechin, characterized through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and confirmed by HPLC. The PLA 2 inhibitory activity was measured with the Dole method and a spectrophotometric assay with 4-Nitro-3-octanoyloxy-benzoic acid (4N3OBA). Cytotoxicity was done on C2C12 murine myoblast. Results: Fraction F5 and (+)-Catechin inhibited the PLA 2 activity of B. asper venom, in a dosedependent way. In addition, (+)-Catechin showed an inhibition level of 83.1 ± 3.1 % of the enzymatic activity of one PLA 2 purified from the venom of Crotalus durissus cumanensis using 4N3OBA as substrate. Also the ethanolic extract and fraction F5 showed inhibition of the cytotoxicity induced by the Bothrops atrox venom and their Lys 49 PLA 2 (80 and 100% respectively). Molecular docking results suggested that OH from 4´ and 5' carbons of (+)-catechin could form hydrogen bonds with carboxylate moiety of residue Asp49, while OH from 5 could form a hydrogen bond with Asn 6. Additional Van der Waals interactions were also proposed. Conclusion: Swietenia macrophylla exhibited strong inhibitory activity against PLA 2 s enzymes. Catechin, one of the components in the active fraction F5, is proposed as being partially responsible for the bioactivity.

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The Global Snake Bite Initiative: an antidote for snake bite

Cited by 316 publications

References 5 publications

Epidemiological Profile of Snake Bite at Tertiary Care Hospital, North India

Epidemiological Profile of Snake Bite at Tertiary Care Hospital, North India

Early Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury by Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in Snakebite Patients

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MOST PROMISING FRACTION OF Swietenia macrophylla ACTIVE AGAINST MYOTOXIC PHOSPHOLIPASES A2 : IDENTIFICATION OF CATECHIN AS ONE OF THE ACTIVE COMPOUNDS

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