The Globalization of Law: Implications for the Fulfillment of Human Rights

Brysk, Alison; Jiménez, Arturo Zamora

doi:10.1080/14754835.2012.648147

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Menurut Alison Brysk, salah satu karakteristik utama dalam dunia kontemporer ini adalah globalisasi yang berarti meningkatnya penetrasi negara, pasar, komunikasi, dan gagasan lintas batas. Lebih lanjut lagi, Brysk menyatakan bahwa norma-norma dan lembaga-lembaga internasional untuk perlindungan hak asasi manusia lebih berkembang daripada titik sebelumnya dalam sejarah (Brysk, 2002). 1 Artinya, globalisasi merupakan titik awal dari peingkatan dan perkembangan hubungan antar individu, lembaga, dan negara secara lintas batas.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Peran Maryam Khatoon Molkara dan Ayatollah Khomeini terhadap Akses Teknologi Kesehatan (Operasi Perubahan Kelamin) bagi Transgender dan Transeksual di Iran - Madeline Kisariani Jahamou

Jahamou

2021

JIIR

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Tulisan ini merupakan kajian dari globalisasi dan strategi yang akan berfokus pada akses teknologi kesehatan bagi para transgender dan transeksual di Iran. Konflik yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan orientasi seksual merupakan sebuah isu yang paling berkembang pada masa globalisasi seperti saat ini dalam masyarakat. Isu yang juga merupakan isu yang dikaji dalam ilmu hubungan internasional ini memperlihatkan bagaimana peran pemerintah dalam mewujudkan keamanan individu bagi masyarakatnya khususnya bagi para transgender dan transeksual. Proses globalisasi yang turut berkontribusi pada perkembangan teknologi kesehatanlah yang menjadi diksursus tersendiri dalam melihat isu transgender dan transeksual. Berbeda dengan banyak negara yang masih melarang masyarakatnya untuk merubah jenis kelamin, Iran memiliki kebijakan yang berbeda terkait perubahan jenis kelamin. Ini semua berdasarkan alasan medis dan tertunya peran individu seperti Maryam Khatoon Molkara dan juga Ayatollah Khomaini. Lebih lanjut lagi, tulisan ini akan mengkaji bagaimana peran individu serta globalisasi dapat mewujudkan akses teknologi (Operasi Perubahan Kelamin) dilakukan secara legal di Iran.

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Peran Maryam Khatoon Molkara dan Ayatollah Khomeini terhadap Akses Teknologi Kesehatan (Operasi Perubahan Kelamin) bagi Transgender dan Transeksual di Iran - Madeline Kisariani Jahamou

Jahamou

2021

JIIR

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“…However, the international indigenous rights regime has raised the expectations as well as the behaviour of domestic actors, shaping 'meanings, identities, interests, and discourses' as well as strengthening 'the bargaining position of rights claimants'. 19 In order to understand how this gap between endorsement and implementation is reproduced over timeoften in face of domestic actors explicitly challenging the legitimacy of prevailing state politicswe thus need to turn to the domestic political arena and 'concentrate squarely on whether or not states implement and comply with Indigenous rights norms', 20 and analyse how a domestic indigenous politics of status quo is justified in relation to international law. How are the values expressed in the international indigenous rights regime decoupled from the implementation of these rights (action) in national politics?…”

Section: Organised Hypocrisy As Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organised hypocrisy? The implementation of the international indigenous rights regime in Sweden

Mörkenstam

2019

The International Journal of Human Rights

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The recognition of indigenous peoples' rights has gradually grown stronger the last three decades but the actual effect of this emerging international indigenous rights regime on state behaviour seems dubious. In this paper the author analyses how international norms are translated, interpreted and reshaped in a domestic context through the conceptual framework of organised hypocrisy. The starting-point is that hypocrisy is the normal state of affairs in domestic politics. It is a response by political organisations, like national parliaments or governments, facing conflicting values, demands and interests: talk, decisions and action are decoupled or counter-coupled. The empirical focus of the article is the indigenous rights regime in Sweden, a country well known for its record of ratifying human rights conventions. The author shows how all political reforms in Swedish Sámi politics are justified (in political talk and decisions) by reference to international law, while the actual effects of this endorsement (the actions) are minimal. Moreover, an analysis of four recent legal cases shows that the Swedish legal tradition with weak judicial review is a hinder for the judiciary to challenge this organised hypocrisy by forcing the rhetorical endorsement of the international indigenous rights regime into action through court decisions.

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“…Although few if any of the foregoing developments have been couched explicitly in terms of human rights, the disciplinary processes entailed have been playing out in the wider global dynamics of postHolocaust human rights discourse, central aspects of which are discussed by scholars such as Brysk and Jimenez (2012) and Mazower (2004). Only a handful of archaeologists and heritage practitioners have engaged closely with this discourse, as examined below.…”

Section: Archaeology and Human Rightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fusion of law and ethics in cultural heritage management: The 21st century confronts archaeology

Soderland

Lilley

2015

Journal of Field Archaeology

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Archaeologists around the world face complex ethical dilemmas that defy easy solutions. Ethics and law entwine, yet jurisprudence endures as the global praxis for guidance and result. Global legal norms articulate 'legal rights' and obligations while codes of professional conduct articulate 'ethical rights' and obligations. This article underscores how a rights discourse has shaped the 20th century discipline and practice of archaeology across the globe, including in the design and execution of projects like those discussed in the Journal of Field Archaeology. It illustrates how both law and ethics have been, and still are, viewed as two distinct solution-driven approaches that, even when out of sync, are the predominant frameworks that affect archaeologists in the field and more generally. While both law and ethics are influenced by social mores, public policy, and political objectives, each too often in cultural heritage debates has been considered a separate remedy. For archaeology, there remains the tendency to turn to law for a definite response when ethical solutions prove elusive.As contemporary society becomes increasingly interconnected and the geo-political reality of the 21st century poses new threats to protecting archaeological sites and the integrity of the archaeological record during armed conflict and insurgency, law has fallen short or has lacked necessary enforcement mechanisms to address on-the-ground realities. A changing global order shaped by human rights, Indigenous heritage, legal pluralism, neo-colonialism, development, diplomacy, and emerging non-State actors directs the 21st century policies that shape laws and ethics. Archaeologists in the field today work within a nexus of domestic and international laws and regulations and must navigate increasingly complex ethical situations. Thus, a critical challenge is to realign approaches to current dilemmas facing archaeology in a way that unifies the 'legal' and the 'ethical' with a focus on human rights and principles of equity and justice. With examples from around the world, this article considers how law and ethics affect professional practice and demonstrates how engagement with law and awareness of ethics are pivotal to archaeologists in the field.

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The Globalization of Law: Implications for the Fulfillment of Human Rights

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Peran Maryam Khatoon Molkara dan Ayatollah Khomeini terhadap Akses Teknologi Kesehatan (Operasi Perubahan Kelamin) bagi Transgender dan Transeksual di Iran - Madeline Kisariani Jahamou

Peran Maryam Khatoon Molkara dan Ayatollah Khomeini terhadap Akses Teknologi Kesehatan (Operasi Perubahan Kelamin) bagi Transgender dan Transeksual di Iran - Madeline Kisariani Jahamou

Organised hypocrisy? The implementation of the international indigenous rights regime in Sweden

The fusion of law and ethics in cultural heritage management: The 21st century confronts archaeology

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