The Glomerular Development of the Vertebrate Kidney in Relation to Habitat

Marshall, E. K.; Smith, Homer W.

doi:10.2307/1536983

Cited by 131 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In marine teleosts, renal capsules and glomeruli are in general smaller and lower in num ber than in freshwater fish (Marshall and Smith, 1930). In accord ance with this finding, it has been found that glomerular diameters of euryhaline sticklebacks from the sea are smaller than those of freshwater specimens (Ogawa, 1968;Wendelaar Bonga, 1973b).…”

Section: Renal Corpusclesmentioning

confidence: 85%

The effect of prolactin on kidney structure of the euryhaline teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus during adaptation to fresh water

Bonga

1976

Cell Tissue Res.

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Summary.The effect of injections of ovine prolactin on kidney structure was examined in the first 10 days following transfer of seawater sticklebacks to fresh water.In hormone injected animals as well as in controls the glomeruli increase slightly in size after transfer. The podocytes intensify the secretion of m ucopo lysaccharides, which is indicative of increased turnover of the components of the glomerular basal lamina. The nuclei of the podocytes become enlarged, while those of the juxtaglomerular cells decrease in size. These changes are related to the well known rise of the glomerular filtration rate following transfer to fresh water. Structural indications that prolactin is involved in the control of glomerular filtration were not found.The epithelial cells of the three nephronic segments and of the ureter become considerably better developed after transfer to fresh water. Cell height, nuclear and mitochondrial volume, and surface of the membranes of the basal labyrinth increase in all tubular epithelia, although not to the same extent. Increases are moderate in the first proximal segment, but in creasingly higher for the second proximal segment, collecting duct and the ureter. Especially the growth of membrane surface of the basal labyrinth, site of ion transport mechanisms, is impressive. In controls, values character istic for freshwater fishes are reached in 6 to 9 days for all parameters for cellular development. Prolactin injections greatly stimulate growth rates in all tubular epithelia: freshwater values are reached within 3 days. No further increase was found, however.

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Section: Renal Corpusclesmentioning

confidence: 85%

The effect of prolactin on kidney structure of the euryhaline teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus during adaptation to fresh water

Bonga

1976

Cell Tissue Res.

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“…In zebrafish and other teleosts, the functional larval pronephros consists of only two nephrons with glomeruli fused at the embryo midline just ventral to the dorsal aorta ( Figure 1) (11,(15)(16)(17). Although simple in form, the pronephric glomerulus is composed of cell types that are typical of higher vertebrate kidneys, including fenestrated capillary endothelial cells, podocytes, and polarized tubular epithelial cells (Figure 1, B and C) (11).…”

Section: Structure and Function Of The Zebrafish Pronephrosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney Development and Disease in the Zebrafish

Drummond

2005

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

172

128

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Unraveling the molecular pathogenesis of human disease presents many experimental challenges, not the least of which is that experiments on humans are generally frowned upon. Model organisms, including the zebrafish, allow for experimental analysis of gene function and the detailed characterization of disease processes. Zebrafish have matured as a vertebrate model organism now that genetic tools for targeted "knockdowns" and unbiased mutagenesis approaches are in hand. The fish larval pronephros is a relevant kidney in which to pursue many aspects of human kidney development and disease. This short review outlines recent progress in applying the zebrafish pronephros to issues of human health and development.

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“…These may be summarized into two main groups: hypotheses based on the physiology of living primitive vertebrates and invertebrate chordates, and hypotheses based on the proposed functional significance of the earliest vertebrate skeletons. Physiology-based hypotheses are many and varied, arguing that the skeleton arose as a barrier to osmosis (Marshall and Smith, 1930;Smith, 1932), for ion storage Northcutt and Gans, 1983;Griffith, 1987Griffith, , 1994Westoll, 1942), as a reservoir of biolimiting elements (Pautard, 1961;Urist, 1963Urist, , 1964Halstead Tarlo, 1964a;Halstead, 1969), as a buffer (Ruben and Bennett, 1980) or a disposal site for waste by-products (Berrill, 1955).…”

Section: Origin Of the Vertebrate Skeletonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and early evolution of vertebrate skeletonization

Donoghue

Sansom

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

200

255

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Data from living and extinct faunas of primitive vertebrates imply very different scenarios for the origin and evolution of the dermal and oral skeletal developmental system. A direct reading of the evolutionary relationships of living primitive vertebrates implies that the dermal scales, teeth, and jaws arose synchronously with a cohort of other characters that could be considered unique to jawed vertebrates: the dermoskeleton is primitively composed of numerous scales, each derived from an individual dental papilla; teeth are primitively patterned such that they are replaced in a classical conveyor-belt system. The paleontological record provides a unique but complementary perspective in that: 1) the organisms in which the skeletal system evolved are extinct and we have no recourse but to fossils if we aim to address this problem; 2) extinct organisms can be classified among, and in the same way as, living relatives; 3) a holistic approach to the incorporation of all data provides a more complete perspective on early vertebrate evolution. This combined approach is of no greater significance than in dealing with the origin of the skeleton and, combined with recent discoveries and new phylogenetic analyses, we have been able to test and reject existing hypotheses for the origin of the skeleton and erect a new model in their place.

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The Glomerular Development of the Vertebrate Kidney in Relation to Habitat

Cited by 131 publications

References 2 publications

The effect of prolactin on kidney structure of the euryhaline teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus during adaptation to fresh water

The effect of prolactin on kidney structure of the euryhaline teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus during adaptation to fresh water

Kidney Development and Disease in the Zebrafish

Origin and early evolution of vertebrate skeletonization

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