The glutathione-S-transferase mu-1 null genotype increases wood smoke-induced airway inflammation

Controlled human exposures to wood smoke: a synthesis of the evidence

“…As these studies used very different WS exposures, dominated by either organics or soot/ash, differences in WS exposures and PM classes could possibly contribute to this inconsistency. Notably, the latter finding is supported by the increased sputum percentage neutrophils (%PMNs), a close approximation of BW, in Burbank et al [17] using similar WS combustion conditions.…”

“…All time points are taken with 0 h = start of controlled exposure. Abbreviations are denoted in the list of abbreviations in main text Ghio et al [16] Burbank et al [17] Rebuli et al [18] Sehlstedt et al [20] Ferguson et al [22] Barregard et al [25] Stockfelt et al [29] Riddervold et al [31] Muala et al [35] Exposure Ghio et al [16] Burbank et al [17] Rebuli et al [18] Sehlstedt et al [20] Ferguson et al [22] Barregard et al [25] Stockfelt et al [29] Riddervold et al [31] Muala et al [ Table 3 Effects of WS exposure on circulating cells and proteins. The table displays the significant effects of WS exposure per publication or effects that were reported in multiple publications (biomarkers only reported in one publication with non-significant results not included).…”

“…Abbreviations are denoted in the list of abbreviations in main text Ghio et al [16] Sehlstedt et al [20] Ferguson et al [22] Peters et al [24] Barregard et al [25,26] Danielsen et al [27] Murgia et al [28] Stockfelt et al [29,30] [39,40] for more details study to show an increased recruitment of neutrophils in the lungs, the concentrations applied were in the high range (500 μg/m 3 ). Similar WS exposure conditions to those described in Ghio et al [16] were also used by Burbank et al [17] and Rebuli et al [18], although the latter did not include the exercise component. Burbank et al [17] reported significantly increased percentages of neutrophils in sputum 24 h after WS exposure.…”

“…For major endpoint of each publication: LF = Effects on Lung Function, AI = Airway Inflammation Effects, CCP = Effects on Circulating Cells and Proteins, OS = Effects on Oxidative Stress, CVP = Effects on Cardiovascular Physiology. All other abbreviations are denoted in the list of abbreviations in main text Publications Major end-point Stove and fuel type Wood species (Moisture) Major PM class a Study Design (Number of Participants) Exposure length Exercise Exposure Conditions (PM 2,5 in μg/m 3 ) b Ghio et al [ 16 ] LF, AI, CCP, OS, CVP Electric element /logs Red oak wood (−) Organics Crossover, sequential (10) 2 h 15 mins × 4 on bike 485 Burbank et al [ 17 ] AI Electric element / logs Red oak (−) Organics No FA control (35) 2 h 15 mins × 4 on bike 500 Rebuli et al [ 18 ] AI Electric element / logs Red oak (−) Organics Parallel, randomized (39) 2 h None 488 Fedak et al [ 19 ] CVP Wood chips/wood sticks Unknown Organics/ soot Crossover, randomized (48) 2 h None Gasifier – 46 Fan rocket – 95 Rocket elbow – 254 Three stone fire – 463 Sehlstedt et al [ 20 ] LF, AI, OS Pellet stove / pellet or sawdust Softwood or mixture from pine and spruce (18%) Organics/ soot Crossover, randomized (19) 3 h 15 mins × 6 on bike 224 Pope et al [ 21 ] CVP Conventional/logs Pine (−) Organics/ soot Crossover, randomized (14) 3 h …”

“…For smoldering combustion (air-starved combustion in a conventional wood stove without advanced combustion technology), the emissions are dominated by organics [16][17][18][19]. Similarly, air-starved operation of a pellet stove [20] will also result in emissions dominated by organics, although soot and ash particles are also emitted.…”