The Golden Spice for Life: Turmeric with the Pharmacological Benefits of Curcuminoids Components, Including Curcumin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin, and Demethoxycurcumins

Abstract

Background: Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, is a perennial rhizomatous plant of tropical and subtropical regions. The three major chemical components responsible for the biological activities of turmeric are curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Method: The literature search included review articles, analytical studies, randomized control experiments, and observations, which have been gathered from various sources, such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. A review of the literature was carried out using the keywords: turmeric, traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Iranian medicine, traditional Indian medicine, curcumin, curcuminoids, pharmaceutical benefits, turmerone, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. The main components of the rhizome of the leaf are α-turmerone, β-turmerone, and ar-turmerone Result: The notable health benefits of turmeric are antioxidant activity, gastrointestinal effects, anti-cancer effects, cardiovascular and antidiabetic effects, antimicrobial activity, photoprotector activity, hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects, and appropriate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and inflammatory and edematic disorders. Discussion: Curcuminoids are phenolic compounds usually used as pigment spices with many health benefits, such as antiviral, antitumour, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, anticancer, and antifungal effects. Curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and demethoxycurcumin are the major active and stable bioactive constituents of curcuminoids. Curcumin, which is a hydroponic polyphenol, and the main coloring agent in the rhizomes of turmeric, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anticarcinogenic activities, as well as beneficial effects for infectious diseases and Alzheimer's disease. Bisdemethoxycurcumin possesses antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-metastasis activities. Demethoxycurcumin, which is another major component, has anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anti-cancer activities and is the appropriate candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion: The goal of this review is to highlight the health benefits of turmeric in both traditional and modern pharmaceutical sciences by considering the important roles of curcuminoids and other major chemical constituents of turmeric.

Amino Acids Biostimulants and Protein Hydrolysates in Agricultural Sciences

“…Amino acids for the production of biostimulants are derived by chemical synthesis from plant proteins such as soybean, corn, algae, corn, etc., as well as from animal proteins by enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. Amino acids act as vital molecules with various physiological roles [ 63 ] and play an important function in seed germination [ 64 , 65 ], and under salinity stress, they can behave as osmolytes, which can promote stomatal opening control, transport regulation, enzyme activation, heavy metals detoxification, redox homeostasis maintenance, and gene expression [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ].…”

Exploring Chinese herbal medicine for ischemic stroke: insights into microglia and signaling pathways

“…Curcumin(Cur) , a potent compound derived from the subterranean rhizome of turmeric, possesses notable anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties ( SHAHRAJABIAN and SUN, 2023 ). In their study, Ye et al (Ye et al, 2021) observed that curcumin effectively suppresses the expression of Notch-1, curtails the excessive proliferation of microglia, and concurrently diminishes the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in rats.…”

Chemical Composition of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Ethanol Extract and Its Antimicrobial Activities and Free Radical Scavenging Capacities

“…The equivalent to 5.7 g of turmeric powder used to prepare the salad dressing, as dissolved in ½ cup of oil and ¼ cup of vinegar, yields a final concentration of approximately 32 mg mL −1 , which is three-times higher than the highest concentration (10 mg mL −1 ) used in the current study. Thus, in addition to the well-documented beneficial properties of turmeric on consumer health [8], basic use as a food ingredient may have antimicrobial applications to mitigate the risks for foodborne pathogen contamination.…”

“…In addition to enhancing flavor and color in food products, turmeric has applications to support human health, such as through anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial effects [8]. For example, ethnopharmacological studies have reported turmeric use as a medical herb for knee osteoarthritis [9], radiodermatitis [10], and cancers [11].…”