The Golgi complex: a hub of the secretory pathway

Abstract

The Golgi complex plays a central role in protein secretion by regulating cargo sorting and trafficking. As these processes are of functional importance to cell polarity, motility, growth, and division, there is considerable interest in achieving a comprehensive understanding of Golgi complex biology. However, the unique stack structure of this organelle has been a major hurdle to our understanding of how proteins are secreted through the Golgi apparatus. Herein, we summarize available relevant research to gain an understanding of protein secretion via the Golgi complex. This includes the molecular mechanisms of intra-Golgi trafficking and cargo export in the trans-Golgi network. Moreover, we review recent insights on signaling pathways regulated by the Golgi complex and their physiological significance. [BMB Reports 2021; 54(5): [246][247][248][249][250][251][252]

A gold revision of the Golgi Dynamics (GOLD) domain structure and associated cell functionalities

“…This polarized transport also has recycling machinery capable of transporting back to the ER some ER‐resident proteins that left this organelle through the COPII‐coated vesicles [5]. The retrograde transport is mediated by the COPI‐coated vesicles, which are also responsible for transporting the secretory cargo through the Golgi cisternae [5–7]. In general lines, the transport of proteins between organelles within the secretory pathway occurs via spherical membrane‐bound vesicles that bud from a donor organelle and fuse with an acceptor in another part of the cell (Fig.…”

Elastic network modeling of cellular networks unveils sensor and effector genes that control information flow

“…While one of the effector clusters, EC1, mapped to a well-characterized signaling hub, the other two mapped to two essential functions, vesicular transport of proteins through the Golgi apparatus and respiratory complex assembly, both of which are highly regulated processes that may require the involvement of highly effective propagation of signals. For example, the trafficking and transport function of the Golgi apparatus is intimately related to multiple intracellular signaling pathways [ 36 , 37 ]; likewise, multiple pathways regulate the mitochondrial respiratory complex assembly [ 38 ]. Future analyses might therefore reveal the potential of the genes in EC2 and EC3 to play roles in cellular trafficking, communication and signaling that are currently under-appreciated.…”

Acute COG inactivation unveiled its immediate impact on Golgi and illuminated the nature of intra-Golgi recycling vesicles

“…It is reported that both active retention and recycling mechanisms are utilized to maintain the proper localization of Golgi resident proteins (Glick and Nakano, 2009; Rizzo et al ., 2013). The recycling of Golgi resident proteins and enzymes is mostly facilitated by COPI vesicle-mediated retrograde transport (Pelham, 2001; Cottam and Ungar, 2012; Di Martino, Sticco and Luini, 2019; D’Souza et al ., 2021; Park et al ., 2021). A balance between anterograde and retrograde transport is not only important for maintaining proper concentration of the resident Golgi proteins and lipids but also for the cell’s physiology (Blackburn, D’Souza and Lupashin, 2019; D’Souza, Taher and Lupashin, 2020).…”