“…When examining prominent concepts that inform leadership theories, it is clear that whilst leadership theorists offer different styles and models, most concur that all leaders must demonstrate a set of characteristics, values and behaviours (Doyle et al, 2020). Examination of the characteristics, values and behaviours encapsulated within Western models of leadership reveals that they typically include leading by example while being cooperative and optimistic (G€ achter, Nosenzo, Renner, & Sefton, 2012), building and maintaining relationships; inspiring a shared vision; not being afraid to challenge the status quo (Kouzes & Posner, 2011); having emotional intelligence, integrity and trustworthiness (Goleman, Welch, & Welch, 2012); possessing the capacity to actively contribute (Buchele, 2011); and being altruistic and authentic (Ciulla, 2013). While the sets of characteristics listed here arguably typify the most successful leaders (Doyle et al, 2020), Western leadership theories often describe the empowerment of the individual, rather than the collective (Ly, 2020).…”