The Government and Politics of the European Union

Leadership and systems of governance: the constraints on the scope for leadership of place-based development in sub-national territories

“…However, it should not be neglected to note that higher level scales of government (e.g. national government) can and, often, do participate in horizontal spaces of governance, in which case a pattern of multi-level governance 6 might be discerned 7 (NUGENT, 2003). The national scale nonetheless exerts control over sub-national governance structures, but it is dialectically related to the national system of governance.…”

О Некоторых Особенностях Наднациональной Партийной Системы Европейского Союза

“…), стремящихся к координации позиций на выборах в Ев-ропарламент. Вместе с тем вследствие слабой организационной струк-туры и абстрактности своих политических программ, европартии в зна-чительной степени зависели от наднациональных институтов ЕС [26].…”

Opening up das Schloβ: Creating Room for Thinking by Combining the Territorial Cohesion Discourse and the Debate on the European Union Polity

“…Schmitter (2001) even holds that governance is always applied in conjunction with state and market mechanisms and the embeddedness of the participating (non-profit, semi-public, semi-voluntary) organisations in a civil society are crucial for its success. Hence, Hix (1998: p. 54) already saw "a complex web of public/private networks and quasi-autonomous executive agencies" appearing that would transform "politics and government at the European and national level into a system of multi-level, non-hierarchical, deliberative and apolitical governance" (Nugent, 1999;Faludi, 2002b: p. 902); this apolitical governance is explained below with the polity's bureaucratic nature. Said otherwise, while not-public actors are normally not considered as part of a polity, the polycentricism of the European Union's polity nonetheless covers non-governmental centres too.…”

“…Not only does territorial cohesion policy then resemble the patchy-and raggedness of the overall European Union policy picture (Nugent, 1999), but the expertise involved also the "organized anarchy" of the garbage can model (Kingdon, 1995); do note that this model originates from studies on university organisations. No wonder that the language taken up is multi-interpretable (e.g.…”