The gradual disappearance of a Eurasian language family

Georg, Stefan

doi:10.1075/cilt.240.07geo

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Furthermore, the Ket themselves are known to have reached their current position along the Middle Yenisei in a recent Northward expansion, while all six other documented (and now extinct) Yeniseian languages were found in regions further south along the Yenisei River, in regions that are now occupied by South Siberian Turkic populations where Cisbaikal_LNBA ancestry peaks in the present day (Fig. 3B) 53,54 . These results suggest that, at least within the last three millennia, Cisbaikal_LNBA ancestry has come to be strongly correlated with the movements of Yeniseian speakers and their closest ethnic contacts.…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These genetic outliers (labeled as being from the Karasuk culture in the original publication, but which our archaeological research indicates may instead be assigned to the Lugavskaya culture; SI Section II.G), show that people with very high levels of Cisbaikal_LNBA ancestry were present along the Upper Yenisei by the Late Bronze Age ~3.0kya, near the geographic region where Cisbaikal_LNBA is maximized in populations today (Fig.3B)-a geographic distribution which may be explained by partial genetic persistence of such groups into the Iron Age and Medieval period. Furthermore, the Ket themselves are known to have reached their current position along the Middle Yenisei in a recent Northward expansion, while all six other documented (and now extinct) Yeniseian languages were found in regions further south along the Yenisei River, in regions that are now occupied by South Siberian Turkic populations where Cisbaikal_LNBA ancestry peaks in the present day (Fig.3B)53,54…”

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Postglacial genomes from foragers across Northern Eurasia reveal prehistoric mobility associated with the spread of the Uralic and Yeniseian languages

Zeng,

Vyazov,

Kim

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The North Eurasian forest and forest-steppe zones have sustained millennia of sociocultural connections among northern peoples. We present genome-wide ancient DNA data for 181 individuals from this region spanning the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age. We find that Early to Mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer populations from across the southern forest and forest-steppes of Northern Eurasia can be characterized by a continuous gradient of ancestry that remained stable for millennia, ranging from fully West Eurasian in the Baltic region to fully East Asian in the Transbaikal region. In contrast, cotemporaneous groups in far Northeast Siberia were genetically distinct, retaining high levels of continuity from a population that was the primary source of ancestry for Native Americans. By the mid-Holocene, admixture between this early Northeastern Siberian population and groups from Inland East Asia and the Amur River Basin produced two distinctive populations in eastern Siberia that played an important role in the genetic formation of later people. Ancestry from the first population, Cis-Baikal Late Neolithic–Bronze Age (Cisbaikal_LNBA), is found substantially only among Yeniseian-speaking groups and those known to have admixed with them. Ancestry from the second, Yakutian Late Neolithic–Bronze Age (Yakutia_LNBA), is strongly associated with present-day Uralic speakers. We show how Yakutia_LNBA ancestry spread from an east Siberian origin ∼4.5kya, along with subclades of Y-chromosome haplogroup N occurring at high frequencies among present-day Uralic speakers, into Western and Central Siberia in communities associated with Seima-Turbino metallurgy: a suite of advanced bronze casting techniques that spread explosively across an enormous region of Northern Eurasia ∼4.0kya. However, the ancestry of the 16 Seima-Turbino-period individuals—the first reported from sites with this metallurgy—was otherwise extraordinarily diverse, with partial descent from Indo-Iranian-speaking pastoralists and multiple hunter-gatherer populations from widely separated regions of Eurasia. Our results provide support for theories suggesting that early Uralic speakers at the beginning of their westward dispersal where involved in the expansion of Seima-Turbino metallurgical traditions, and suggests that both cultural transmission and migration were important in the spread of Seima-Turbino material culture.

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Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%