The Grain-for-Green project offsets warming-induced soil organic carbon loss and increases soil carbon stock in Chinese Loess Plateau

Li, Huiwen; Wu, Yiping; Zhao, Wenzhi; Xiao, Jingfeng; Winowiecki, Leigh A.; Vågen, Tor‐Gunnar; Xu, Jianchu; Yin, Xiaowei; Wang, Fan; Sivakumar, Bellie; Cao, Yangyang; Sun, Pengcheng; Zhang, Guangchuang

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155469

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Moreover, Dong et al (2020) demonstrated that, on the Loess Plateau, with vegetation restoration and positive community succession development, the annual herb number and importance decreased, while perennial herbs showed the opposite. Therefore, considering drought and large evapotranspiration in the Loess Plateau (Li, Song, Zhao, et al, 2022; Li, Wu, Liu, et al, 2022; Li, Xia, et al, 2021; Li, Yang, & Wang, 2021), leaf forms and leaf longevity, moisture ecotypes, life forms, and moisture ecotypes were used to classify tree, shrub, and herb functional types, respectively. With successional stage improvements, the total species richness of functional communities increased, and was consistent with PFT total richness trends (Figure 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for functional communities with higher successional stages (i.e., G5, G6, and G7), shrubby functional species (PFT3 ~ PFT4) exhibited absolute dominance, followed by tree functional species (PFT1 ~ PFT2), we found species composition of these communities to be closely related to SOC. Vegetation restoration increases SOC stock in the Loess Plateau (Chen et al, 2022; Wang, Li, et al, 2021; Zhu et al, 2021), which is affected by land use and cover (Li, Shi, Zhao, & Wu, 2022; Li, Wu, Liu, et al, 2022; Li, Wu, Wang, & Wang, 2022; Stockmann et al, 2015). Chen et al (2022) found that the coupling interaction between soil organic carbon and soil water storage changed during vegetation restoration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After decades of vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau, the soil conditions in most areas have allowed many PFT6 and PFT10 communities to enter. Hygrophytic herbs (PFT7) have strict soil moisture requirements, and do not grow well under conditions of drought, water shortage, and large evaporation in the Loess Plateau (Li, Shi, Zhao, & Wu, 2022; Li, Song, Zhao, et al, 2022; Li, Wu, Liu, et al, 2022; Li, Wu, Wang, & Wang, 2022). Therefore, PFT7 is rare within the study area and only exist on riversides and in humid valley areas, which are located in water concentrated areas at lower altitudes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional vegetation community responses to soil and topographic factors in the Loess Plateau of China

Zhang

Zha

et al. 2023

Land Degrad Dev

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Given the developmental program outlined in United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 15 (Life on Land) and the to effectively address the challenge of biodiversity decline while mitigating the adverse effects of climate change, particularly drought, on terrestrial forest ecosystems, a fundamental reorientation of global forest restoration paradigms is warranted. It is imperative to move beyond a narrow emphasis on expanding forest area and instead prioritize the enhancement of biodiversity and functional attributes within these ecosystems. However, the differential response mechanisms of forest ecosystem functional communities and main plant functional types (PFTs) to environmental factors, especially soil and topography, remains unclear, especially at plant level. Here, we divided the functional communities of 93 sites in the study area into seven groups through Two‐way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), and studied the different functional communities, namely dynamic succession, species richness, and PFT compositional differences. We also analyzed the various PFTs and functional community response mechanisms to soil and topographic factors using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The main results were as follows: (1) With the successional stages of PFTs, vegetation diversity across multiple functional communities inceased, tree and shrub proportions and importance increased, while herbs decreased. (2) From the arid and barren areas (i.e., G2), to the humid and fertile areas (i.e., G6 and G7), various compositional PFT differences, and their responses to soil and topographic factors, were found, namely, xerophytic, annual and biennial species gradually changed to mesophytic, hygrophytic, and perennial species (richness increased 6.94 ~ 27.33%, important value (IV) increased 8.73 ~ 29.45%) for shrubs and herbs. (3) Functional communities in various successional stages display distinct sensitivities to soil and topographic factors, as evidenced by a notable increase in the richness and IV of deciduous broad‐leaved tree species, rendering their communities more responsive to SOC and AS, whereas evergreen coniferous trees (e.g., Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) were sensitive to altitude (AL) and exhibited a tendency to transition from plantations to natural secondary forests predominantly at higher altitudes (above 1200 m). Our findings suggest that site conditions influence scenarios, and that different PFT responses and adjustments to soil and topography factors affect whole functional community dynamic succession processes, which can profoundly impact forest ecosystem function predictions based on PFT changes in the Loess Plateau of China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional vegetation community responses to soil and topographic factors in the Loess Plateau of China

Zhang

Zha

et al. 2023

Land Degrad Dev

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“…However, the difficulties in transporting basic agricultural materials and the lack of labor due to COVID-19 in 2021 led the global agricultural activity level to generally decrease [53], so organic carbon losses also decreased slightly in 2021. The loss of carbon further intensifies the greenhouse effect by increasing the temperature, resulting in lower soil moisture and so promoting further carbon losses [54]. Changes in SOC are an essential indicator for the loss of nutrients from black soils and for soil response to the greenhouse effect [55,56].…”

Section: Loss Characteristics and Influencing Factors For Organic Car...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of Dust Emissions and Organic Carbon Losses Induced by Wind Erosion in Farmland Worldwide from 2017 to 2021

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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Wind erosion can cause high dust emissions from agricultural land and can lead to a significant loss of carbon and nutrients from the soil. The carbon balance of farmland soil is an integral part of the carbon cycle, especially under the current drive to develop carbon-neutral practices. However, the amount of global carbon lost due to the wind erosion of farmland is unknown. In this study, global farmland dust emissions were estimated from a dust emission inventory (0.1° × 0.1°, daily) built using the improved Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System–FENGSHA (CMAQ-FENGSHA), and global farmland organic carbon losses were estimated by combining this with global soil organic carbon concentration data. The average global annual dust emissions from agricultural land from 2017 to 2021 were 1.75 × 109 g/s. Global dust emissions from agricultural land are concentrated in the UK, Ukraine, and Russia in Europe; in southern Canada and the central US in North America; in the area around Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina, in South America; and in northeast China in Asia. The global average annual organic carbon loss from agricultural land was 2970 Gg for 2017–2021. The spatial distribution of emissions is roughly consistent with that of dust emissions, which are mainly concentrated in the world’s four major black soil regions. These estimates of dust and organic carbon losses from agricultural land are essential references that can inform the global responses to the carbon cycle, dust emissions, and black soil conservation.

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“…Although recent advances have already explored the individual effects of drought, rising CO 2 , and ERPs on specific ecosystem services at the regional and global scales (Li et al, 2022; McCauley et al, 2022; Piao et al, 2007), few studies have investigated how the impact of ERPs on ecosystem services change is modulated by drought and rising CO 2 . This deficiency may lead to an incomplete understanding of the influence of the global change environment on ERP‐induced ecosystem services change (Yang et al, 2022), which would not provide valuable insights for decision‐making and ecosystem management optimization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of ecological restoration on ecosystem services change modulated by drought and rising CO₂

Huang

Wang

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Ecological restoration projects (ERPs) are an indispensable component of natural climate solutions and have proven to be very important for reversing environmental degradation in vulnerable regions and enhancing ecosystem services. However, the level of enhancement would be inevitably influenced by global drought and rising CO2, which remain less investigated. In this study, we took the Beijing‐Tianjin sand source region (which has experienced long‐term ERPs), China, as an example and combined the process‐based Biome‐BGCMuSo model to set multiple scenarios to address this issue. We found ERP‐induced carbon sequestration (CS), water retention (WR), soil retention (SR), and sandstorm prevention (SP) increased by 22.21%, 2.87%, 2.35%, and 28.77%, respectively. Moreover, the ecosystem services promotion from afforestation was greater than that from grassland planting. Approximately 91.41%, 98.13%, and 64.51% of the increased CS, SR, and SP were contributed by afforestation. However, afforestation also caused the WR to decline. Although rising CO2 amplified ecosystem services contributed by ERPs, it was almost totally offset by drought. The contribution of ERPs to CS, WR, SR, and SP was reduced by 5.74%, 32.62%, 11.74%, and 14.86%, respectively, under combined drought and rising CO2. Our results confirmed the importance of ERPs in strengthening ecosystem services provision. Furthermore, we provide a quantitative way to understand the influence rate of drought and rising CO2 on ERP‐induced ecosystem service dynamics. In addition, the considerable negative climate change impact implied that restoration strategies should be optimized to improve ecosystem resilience to better combat negative climate change impacts.

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The Grain-for-Green project offsets warming-induced soil organic carbon loss and increases soil carbon stock in Chinese Loess Plateau

Cited by 32 publications

References 93 publications

Functional vegetation community responses to soil and topographic factors in the Loess Plateau of China

Functional vegetation community responses to soil and topographic factors in the Loess Plateau of China

Estimates of Dust Emissions and Organic Carbon Losses Induced by Wind Erosion in Farmland Worldwide from 2017 to 2021

The impact of ecological restoration on ecosystem services change modulated by drought and rising CO₂

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The Grain-for-Green project offsets warming-induced soil organic carbon loss and increases soil carbon stock in Chinese Loess Plateau

Cited by 32 publications

References 93 publications

Functional vegetation community responses to soil and topographic factors in the Loess Plateau of China

Functional vegetation community responses to soil and topographic factors in the Loess Plateau of China

Estimates of Dust Emissions and Organic Carbon Losses Induced by Wind Erosion in Farmland Worldwide from 2017 to 2021

The impact of ecological restoration on ecosystem services change modulated by drought and rising CO2

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The impact of ecological restoration on ecosystem services change modulated by drought and rising CO₂