The Grammar of Dzongkha [HL Archive 7]

Tshering, Karma; Driem, George van

doi:10.5070/h918144245

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This poses several challenges in the digitization of the language. Dzongkha has 30 consonants and four vowels (Tshering & Van Driem, 2019). It is a syllabic similar to South East Asian languages such as Hindi and Sanskrit (S. Norbu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dzongkha Next Words Prediction Using Bidirectional LSTM

Wangchuk¹,

Wangchuk

Namgyel

2023

bjrd

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Dzongkha Development Commission of Bhutan (DDC) is trying to computerize Dzongkha. However, the computerization of Dzongkha poses numerous challenges. Currently, the support for Dzongkha in modern technology is limited to printing, typing, and storage. Typewriting a single Dzongkha word requires several keypresses. As a result, typing Dzongkha is tedious. In this paper, the Dzongkha word label prediction was studied. The purpose of the study was to further reduce keystrokes and make Dzongkha typing much faster. The dataset encompasses different genres curated by DDC. The dataset consisted of 10000 sentences and 4820 unique words. Next, 52150 sequences were generated using N-gram methods followed by vectorizing text using embedding techniques. Different RNN-based models were evaluated for the next Dzongkha words prediction. Two Bi-LSTM layers with 512 hidden layer neurons gave the best accuracy of 73.89% with a loss of 1.0722.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dzongkha Next Words Prediction Using Bidirectional LSTM

Wangchuk¹,

Wangchuk

Namgyel

2023

bjrd

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“…Van Driem (2019) mentioned only སྟྱེ ། ཏྱེ ། དྱེ ། as the Dzongkha past participle but སྱེ ་ is mentioned in Tashi 2013 "ས་ཁར་སོ ད་དྱེ ་ལོ ་ཟ། ས་ཁར་སོ ད་སྱེ ་ལོ ་ཟ།" (Sit on the ground and eat the food) (134). Usually, སྱེ ་ is more common than སྟྱེ ། ཏྱེ ། དྱེ ། in both spoken and written Dzongkha.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-marking in Khengkha, a language of central Bhutan

Dorji

2023

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This paper presents the case-marking system of Khengkha, an East Bodish language spoken in Bhutan, which employs case markers for a variety of functions. A monologue, a conversation among three native Khengkha speakers (two males, aged 27 and 41, and one female, aged 58) and an interview were audio recorded to gather data. The study found that the A argument is primarily marked with ergative markers while the S argument is unmarked. But some S arguments which are associated with emphasis and contrastive focus are seen marked. With regard to the O argument, there is one set of bivalent verbs that requires the O argument to be unmarked and there is another set of verbs which always mark the O argument. Similarly, the case marker of the instrumental, genitive, locative, allative and ablative are also discussed, followed by a detailed discussion on the case marking of the dative subject, which follows a similar process to Indo-Aryan languages. The translation of Khengkha examples into Dzongkha is intended for Bhutanese readers, and to facilitate the comparative study of Dzongkha and Khengkha.

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“…This reasons for having short and long vowel in the scope of this study are, the first, Jenkins (2002) in her proposed four core segmental items which are critical for nonnative speakers of English includes the study of contrast between short and long vowel. The second is as mentioned in The Grammar of Dzongkha by Tshering and van Driem (2019), most of the vowels in Dzongkha is not pronounced as in English. For example, the Dzongkha vowel ö is like the vowel [oe] in French oeuf and German plötzlich.…”

Section: Vowelmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This means that in Dzongkha, the pitch in which the sound is spoken influence the meaning. It has two distinctive tones, a high register and a low register tone (Tshering & van Driem, 2019). An apostrophe at the beginning of the syllable is used to indicate the high register tone and low register tone is left unmarked.…”

Section: Dzongkhag Phonologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Creative drama English pronunciation program for Bhutanese primary learners

Zangmo¹

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The aims of the study were to (1) to develop a Creative Drama English Pronunciation Program to enhance primary learners’ pronunciation ability, and (2) to compare learners’ English pronunciation ability before and after learning with the Creative Drama English Pronunciation Program. The study process was segmented into two phases; (1) Creative Drama English Pronunciation Program development, and (2) Implementation and Evaluation of the Creative Drama English Pronunciation Program. The participant consisted of 25 primary learners of Bhutan selected through cluster sampling. The study period was 12 weeks. Quantitative data from pre- and posttest was analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test and qualitative data from interviews was content analyzed. The result showed statistically significant improvement in English pronunciation ability of primary learners at the level of .05. In the interview findings, all participants asserted a positive opinion towards the Creative Drama English Pronunciation Program in the improvement of their pronunciation abilities and also highlighted other advantages like stress-free environment, peer interaction, and confidence building. Teacher interviewees found the program practical and usable, thereby, recommended for primary learners to enhance English pronunciation ability.

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The Grammar of Dzongkha [HL Archive 7]

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Dzongkha Next Words Prediction Using Bidirectional LSTM

Dzongkha Next Words Prediction Using Bidirectional LSTM

Case-marking in Khengkha, a language of central Bhutan

Creative drama English pronunciation program for Bhutanese primary learners

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