The granaticin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces violaceoruber Tü22: sequence analysis and expression in a heterologous host

Abstract

On the basis of these resemblances, putative functional assignments of the products of most of the newly discovered ORFs were made, including those of genes involved in the PKS and tailoring steps in the biosynthesis of the granaticin aglycone, steps in the deoxy sugar pathway, and putative regulatory and export functions.

Identification of PimR as a Positive Regulator of Pimaricin Biosynthesis in Streptomyces natalensis

“…2B). The highest scores were with the S. ambofaciens transcriptional activator SAR (40.3% identity) (18); AknO from the aclacinomycins pathway in S. galilaeus (40.2% identity) (37); Gra-orf9 from the granaticin pathway in S. violaceoruber (39.7% identity) (22); TylT and TylS from the tylosin pathway in S. fradiae (39% and 37.7% identity, respectively) (7), and ActII-orf4 from the actinorhodin pathway in S. coelicolor (36.5% identity) (21). All antibiotic activators described above belong to the family of Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory proteins (SARPs) that appear to turn on the expression of at least some of the genes of their respective clusters, thus controlling antibiotic production.…”

Patellamide A and C biosynthesis by a microcin-like pathway inProchloron didemni, the cyanobacterial symbiont ofLissoclinum patella

“…PatD2 shows similarity to TtufA, a protein involved in the synthesis of the ribosomally derived trifolitoxin (44). The entire PatD peptide sequence is similar to only a handful of proteins, including the T. erythraeum homolog, a protein annotated as AknN (a hydrolase) from Streptomyces galilaeus, and Orf12, a predicted protein of unknown function from the granaticin biosynthetic pathway (45). Two possible roles are thus proposed for PatD.…”

Oxytetracycline Biosynthesis

“…The second ring cyclase in the ssf pathway, SsfY2, has low homology to OxyN while bearing strong homology to second ring cyclases from benzoisochromanequinone pathways such as Gra-ORF33 (60). Also present in the ssf gene cluster is an OxyI homolog, SsfY4, which was also determined to be unnecessary for cyclization of the tetracyclic scaffold, confirming the result seen with OxyI.…”