The great escape? Globalization, immigrant entrepreneurship and the criminal economy

Friman, H. Richard

doi:10.1080/0969229042000179776

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The traditional customer base was fed by biker networks and the growing youth market by local producers/suppliers, and conflicts over market share were quite limited. Violence was more common by methamphetamine users than by traffickers [13,21,36].…”

Section: Methamphetamine and Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As reported by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [45] Where Colombian and Mexican drug trafficking organizations engage in polydrug operations, Japan's major organized crime groups have done only limited experimentation with other drugs-must notably an unsuccessful foray into heroin trafficking during the early 1960s [11,13]. Japanese crime groups also tend to rely on the methamphetamine trade as only one revenue source among other operations.…”

Section: Methamphetamine and Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The drug trade, however, remains important for gangs at the mid and lower levels within the syndicates' hierarchies, especially given their need to meet financial obligations to the syndicates in the context of economic downturns since the 1990s. Expansion by these gangs into other drugs, such as heroin, cocaine, and cannabis, as well as the subcontracting of street level retailing to migrant groups, has taken place since the 1990s but remains relatively limited ( [19], p. 98-105; [22], p. 243-248; [11,13]). …”

Section: Methamphetamine and Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Drug markets and the selective use of violence

Friman

2009

Crime Law Soc Change

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Drug markets and violence are often presented as inextricably linked. Yet, the use of organized violence by trafficking networks against each other and against the state is not uniform. Insights into the selective use of violence lie in disputes between crime groups over control of lucrative distribution networks and market share. Insights into the use of violence against the state lie in the efforts by criminal justice personnel to curtail the drug trade and the political goals pursued by trafficking organizations. This article discusses these arguments in the context of cocaine markets and the Americas before turning more extensively to methamphetamine in the USA and especially Japan. The latter one, understudied by scholars, offers a challenging plausibility probe for arguments addressing the selective nature of organized violence in drug markets.Drug markets and violence are often presented by policymakers and pundits as inextricably linked. 1 The U.S. 2008 National Drug Control Strategy Report, for example, speaks of the global threats posed by "drug-related violence", "drug activity and associated violence", and "narcoviolence" ([47], p. 34, 39, 47). The challenge of "drug-related violence" also looms large in the U.S. 2008 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report which notes the violent threats against children, women, societies, and states fueled by drug growers, drug traffickers, street gangs, and terrorist organizations [48].Scholars have sought more nuanced insights into the linkages between drugs and violence. Paul J. Goldstein's [15] efforts to clarify the relationship between drugs and violent crime have been particularly influential in the U.S. literature. Goldstein argues for a threefold typology consisting of violence linked to the psychological effects of drug usage, violence stemming from the addict's need to commit crime to finance a drug habit, and violence linked to the drug trade as an illicit market. Although noting that overlap occurs between the ideal types, Goldstein and others (e.g., [5]) posit this Crime Law Soc Change (2009) 52:285-295

show abstract

Section: Methamphetamine and Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methamphetamine and Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methamphetamine and Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Drug markets and the selective use of violence

Friman

2009

Crime Law Soc Change

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other Chicago students of marginalised areas, instead, described the activities conducted in such areas as incorporating sections of both the official and the hidden labour market. Similarly, some contemporary researchers focus on the constant movement of individuals who simultaneously inhabit licit and illicit markets and find in both opportunities and income (Pearson and Hobbs, 2001;Friman, 2004). I have already mentioned the notion of urban bazaars, constituted by a network of retailers, ambulatory vendors, distributors, wholesalers, seasonal workers, causal assistants, and apprentices, who are all required to possess flexibility and versatile skills.…”

Section: A Functioning Disorganisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illicit economies and the carceral social zone

Ruggiero¹

2012

Criminalisation and Advanced Marginality

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…These have posited that crime can serve as a path of socio-economic mobility for minorities, who eventually gain access to the formal economy. However, mobility can be constrained within criminal economies, and law enforcement efforts towards certain minority crime groups may have the unintended effect of creating opportunities for the upward mobility of other minority groups (O'Kane 2003;Friman 2004a). Attention towards West Indian criminal groups may have created 'vacancies' which are being increasingly filled by British South Asian groups.…”

Section: South Asian Firms and Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unintended consequences: changes in organised drug supply in the UK

Ruggiero

2009

Trends Organ Crim

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social and institutional alarm around crime and violence within SouthAsian communities in the UK has grown substantially over the last 10 years. Whether based on imagined threats and moral panics or on realistic observation of facts, such alarm focuses on drug use, related property crime, gang violence, and ultimately on new forms of organised criminality emerging among Pakistanis, Indians or Sri Lankans. This paper sets the scene by examining this imaginary or realistic alarm, to then offer an overview of studies around South Asian drug use and crime. Subsequently, it presents a number of organised crime models which have taken shape within the communities under examination. Finally, it looks at more recent developments, namely at the changes in organised drug supply determined by specific law enforcement choices and by the general political climate in which such choices are made. The case discussed in this paper shows how the features of illicit markets and the characteristics of the criminal enterprises operating in them may be the unintended consequences of specific social and institutional responses to social problems.

show abstract

The great escape? Globalization, immigrant entrepreneurship and the criminal economy

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Drug markets and the selective use of violence

Drug markets and the selective use of violence

Illicit economies and the carceral social zone

Unintended consequences: changes in organised drug supply in the UK

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About