The Great Philippine Floods of 1972

Gordon, A.

doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1973.tb00793.x

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A similar heavy rainfall event happened on the last week of August 1990 was caused by intense SWM due to the passage of three (3) consecutive TCs north of the Philippines (Cayanan 1995). Another devastating event of this kind was the historical Philippine floods in July 1972 where the Lingayen Gulf and the Manila Bay, due to flood waters joined to become an inland sea (Gordon 1973). For the same flood event, Asuncion and Jose (1980) noted that this unusual condition was brought about by the presence of tropical cyclones that enhanced the monsoon activity at the time when the tropical disturbance was north to northeast of the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Tropical Cyclones on Southwest Monsoon Rainfall in the Philippines

Cayanan¹,

Chen

Argete

et al. 2011

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Intense southwest monsoon (SWM) rainfall events causing massive landslides and flash floods along the western sections of the Philippines were studied. These rainfall events, are not directly coming from the tropical cyclones (TCs) for they are situated far north to northeast of Luzon Island. The heavy rainfall is hypothesized as caused by the interaction of strong westerlies with the mountain ranges along the west coast of Luzon that produces strong vertical motion and consequently generates heavy rainfall. Four of heavy SWM rainfall cases were examined to determine how the presence and position of tropical cyclones in the Philippine vicinity a¤ect these SWM rainfall events; three cases with TC of varying positions within the Philippine area of responsibility (PAR) and the fourth case without TC. Using a spatial Fourier decomposition approach, the total streamfunction is decomposed into two flow regimes: monsoon basic flow (Waves 0-1) and tropical cyclone perturbation flow (Waves 2-23) over a domain of (20 E-140 W, 5 S-35 N). The purpose of this flow decomposition is to determine the latter's e¤ect on or contribution to the monsoon activity. The analysis utilized the NCEP Final (FNL) data with 1 long. Â 1 lat. resolution. Results show that the tropical cyclones over the Pacific Ocean located northeast of Luzon generate strong southwesterly winds over the west coast of Luzon. These in addition to the southwesterlies from the basic flow strengthened the southwest winds that interact with the high Cordillera Mountain ranges Corresponding author: Esperanza O. Cayanan, Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Science Garden, Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City 1100, Philippines. E-mail: eocayanan@gmail.com 6 2011, Meteorological Society of Japan along the west coast of Luzon. When the tropical cyclone is located north or north-northwest of Luzon, it generates northwesterlies which converge with the southwesterlies from the basic flow. This results to enhancement of rising motion over western Luzon. The much stronger westerlies are then forced to rise above the mountains resulting to strong vertical motion that brings about heavy rainfall.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Tropical Cyclones on Southwest Monsoon Rainfall in the Philippines

Cayanan¹,

Chen

Argete

et al. 2011

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…The last days of July to the beginning of August also brought heavy rainfall from TS Winnie (“Isang”). The widespread flooding in Manila and Central Luzon, in which at one time connected Lingayen Gulf with Manila Bay, left 775 lives lost (Gordon, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

118‐year climate and extreme weather events of Metropolitan Manila in the Philippines

Bagtasa

2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Metropolitan Manila, the Philippines, is a megacity with a population of 12.9 million people. Unabated urbanization and disorganized infrastructure build‐up, coupled with a large urban poor population have made many of its population vulnerable to climate change. This study presents the 118‐year urban climate and extreme weather events of Metropolitan Manila. Daily average and minimum temperature are on the rise comparable to countrywide trends. Consequently, there are more warm and less cold nights. Total annual precipitation is also increasing at a rate of 77.99 mm/decade. Decreasing simple daily intensity index implies that higher observed precipitation is due to the increase in wet days count rather than intensity. Tropical cyclones (TCs) are critical in producing most extreme rainfall events in the metropolis. Extreme precipitation is induced either by a TC's immediate rainbands or remote precipitation effects by enhancing the prevailing summer monsoon flow. TC‐induced rain modulates annual rainfall variability and is estimated to contribute 45.2% to Metropolitan Manila mean total rainfall.

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“…In addition, an average of 1.7 TCs crosses the basin or nearby regions every year (Okazumi et al 2014). The flood events that occurred in August 1960 due to the effects of Typhoon (TY) Agnes (Ferraris 1971), July 1962 due to TY Kate, and the ''Great Philippine flood of July 1972'' in July of 1972 due to TY Gloring (international name: Rita) were some of the most devastating events that affected the PRB (Ferraris 1971;Gordon 1973). In the recent two decades, three consecutive flood events that occurred within the river basin in November of 2004 had left large-scale damages affecting a large portion of the population and properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological Response of the Pampanga River Basin in the Philippines to Intense Tropical Cyclone Rainfall

Macalalad

Badilla

Cabrera

et al. 2021

Journal of Hydrometeorology

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The Philippines is frequently affected by tropical cyclones (TCs) and understanding the flood response of the PRB from TC-induced rain is needed in effective disaster risk management. As large uncertainties remain in TC rain forecasting, we propose a simple checklist method for flood forecasting of the PRB which depends on the general TC track, season, and accumulated rainfall. To this end, flood events were selected based on the alert, alarm, and critical river height levels established by the PhilippineAtmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical ServicesAdministration (PAGASA). Results show that all flood events in the PRB were induced by TCs. All intense TCs that directly traversed the PRB resulted in critical level floods. These TCs also had the shortest flood onset of 7-27 hours from alert to critical level. Flooding from distant landfalling TCs, on the other hand, are dependent on season. TCs traversing north (south) of the PRB induced flooding only during the southwest (northeast) monsoon season. These TCs can raise water levels from alert to critical in 11 to 48 hours. Remote precipitation from non-landfalling TCs can also induce critical level flooding but with a longer onset time of 59 hours. These results indicate that a simple checklist method can serve as a useful tool for flood forecasting in regions with limited data and forecasting resources.

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The Great Philippine Floods of 1972

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

The Effect of Tropical Cyclones on Southwest Monsoon Rainfall in the Philippines

The Effect of Tropical Cyclones on Southwest Monsoon Rainfall in the Philippines

118‐year climate and extreme weather events of Metropolitan Manila in the Philippines

Hydrological Response of the Pampanga River Basin in the Philippines to Intense Tropical Cyclone Rainfall

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