The Greenhouse Effect: Acclimation of Tomato Plants Growing in High CO<sub>2</sub>, Photosynthesis and Ribulose-1, 5-<i>Bis</i>phosphate Carboxylase Protein

Besford, R. T.; Ludwig, L. J.; Withers, A. C.

doi:10.1093/jxb/41.8.925

Cited by 149 publications

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“…The level and change in regulation through each of these steps may also vary with developmental stage (Deng and Gruissem, 1987). Besford et al (1990) have shown for tomato leaves that Rubisco activity and protein content peak and then decline earlier during leaf expansion in high CO 2 than in ambient CO 2 . Although transcriptional regulation of Rubisco small and large subunits has been shown to be affected by [CO 2 ] in some instances (Winder et al, 1992), the level of regulation by translation and posttranslational turnover is complicated by the fact that photosynthetically competent Rubisco has a relatively slow turnover rate (Peterson et al, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased growth and yield responses for many plant species grown under elevated CO 2 are well documented (Kimball, 1983;Cure and Acock, 1986). However, many C 3 species when grown for long periods in elevated CO 2 exhibit decreased photosynthetic capacity (Delucia et al, 1985;Sage et al, 1989;Besford et al, 1990). This acclimation response to elevated CO 2 is often accompanied by an increase in soluble carbohydrate pools and a decrease in Rubisco protein content, activity, and activation state (Bowes, 1993;Drake et al, 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Changes in Growth CO2 Result in Rapid Adjustments of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Small Subunit Gene Expression in Expanding and Mature Leaves of Rice

Gesch¹,

Boote²,

et al. 1998

Plant Physiology

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The accumulation of soluble carbohydrates resulting from growth under elevated CO 2 may potentially signal the repression of gene activity for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcS). To test this hypothesis we grew rice (Oryza sativa L.) under ambient (350 L L ؊1 ) and high (700 L L ؊1 ) CO 2 in outdoor, sunlit, environment-controlled chambers and performed a cross-switching of growth CO 2 concentration at the late-vegetative phase. Within 24 h, plants switched to high CO 2 showed a 15% and 23% decrease in rbcS mRNA, whereas plants switched to ambient CO 2 increased 27% and 11% in expanding and mature leaves, respectively. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase total activity and protein content 8 d after the switch increased up to 27% and 20%, respectively, in plants switched to ambient CO 2 , but changed very little in plants switched to high CO 2 . Plants maintained at high CO 2 showed greater carbohydrate pool sizes and lower rbcS transcript levels than plants kept at ambient CO 2 . However, after switching growth CO 2 concentration, there was not a simple correlation between carbohydrate and rbcS transcript levels. We conclude that although carbohydrates may be important in the regulation of rbcS expression, changes in total pool size alone could not predict the rapid changes in expression that we observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Growth CO2 Result in Rapid Adjustments of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Small Subunit Gene Expression in Expanding and Mature Leaves of Rice

Gesch¹,

Boote²,

et al. 1998

Plant Physiology

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“…Such responses involve increased photosynthesis (although acclimation is well recognized; see Arp 1991;Besford, Ludwig & Withers 1990;Besford 1993;Long 1991), changes in biomass accumulation and, specifically, grain yield (Kirschbaum 1994;Stitt & Schulz 1994). Increased stomatal resistance reduces transpiration and, thus, enhances water use efficiency (Morison & Gifford 1983; see Kimball et al 1993;Rogers & Dahlman 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ on lipid metabolism in leaves from mature wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Hereward) plants

Williams

Robertson

Leech

et al. 1998

Plant Cell & Environment

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Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Hereward) plants were grown for 35 d either at 350 µmol mol -1 CO 2 or at 650 µmol mol -1 CO 2 . Lipid synthesis was studied in these plants by incubating the 5th leaf on the main stem with [1-14 C]acetate. Increased CO 2 concentrations did not significantly affect the total incorporation of radiolabel into lipids of whole leaf tissue, but altered the distribution for individual lipid classes. Most noticeable amongst acyl lipids was the reduction in labelling of diacylglycerol and a corresponding increase in the proportion of phosphatidylcholine labelling. In the basal regions, there were similar changes and, in addition, phosphatidylglycerol labelling was particularly increased following growth in an enriched CO 2 atmosphere. The stimulation of labelling of the mitochondrialspecific lipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, prompted an examination of the mitochondrial population in wheat plants. Mitochondria were localized in intact wheat sections by immunolabelling for the mitochondrial-specific chaperonin probe. Growth in elevated CO 2 doubled the number of mitochondria compared to growth in ambient CO 2 . Fatty acid labelling was also significantly influenced following growth at elevated CO 2 concentrations. Most noticeable were the changes in 16C:18C ratios for the membrane lipids, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. These data imply a change in the apportioning of newly synthesized fatty acids between the 'eukaryotic' and 'prokaryotic' pathways of metabolism under elevated CO 2 .

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“…But it is necessary here to point out a few of the many positive achievements and contributions of basic research in the fields of plant and crop physiology that have been translated so far into gains in agricultural productivity through plant breeding and management of cropping ecosystems. Furthermore, in view of the increasingly changing global climate, the role of plant and crop physiological research in characterizing and predicting responses of a given plant and crop species as well as natural and agricultural ecosystems performances under these dynamically changing environmental conditions will be even greater (Hesketh et al, 1984;Begonia et al,1987Begonia et al, ,1996Begonia et al, ,1999Bazzaz, 1990;Besford et al, 1990;Teramura et al, 1990;Idso et al, 1991;Ziska et al, 1991;Acock and Acock, 1993;Chen et al, 1993, Gifford andMorison, 1993;Hall and Allen, 1993;Patterson, 1993;Sinha, 1993;Rosenzweig, 1993;Rosenzweig and Parry;Bunce and Sicher, 2004;Sholtis et al, 2004;Long et al, 2006).…”

Section: Why Should Mavericks and Dissenters Be Tolerated? A Few Exammentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of basic research in plant/crop physiology in relation to crop improvement: a review and a personal account

El‐Sharkawy

2006

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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Utilidade da pesquisa básica em fisiologia vegetal e em fisiologia da produção em relação ao melhoramento das culturas: uma revisão e uma análise pessoal: A pesquisa e o desenvolvimento agrícola têm função essencial no desenvolvimento econômico das nações, provendo segurança alimentar para uma população em constante crescimento demográfico. Em países desenvolvidos, as lacunas entre a produção potencial e a produção real são sobremodo estreitas, devido a uma combinação de tecnologias avançadas, novas variedades altamente produtivas e aplicação de agroquímicos em sistemas de produção altamente mecanizados. Na maioria daqueles países, a produção agrícola supera a demanda nacional, resultando em excedentes para a exportação. Em muitos países em desenvolvimento, entretanto, a produtividade agrícola está ainda muito abaixo de seu potencial devido a limitações técnicas e sócio-econômicas. Déficit alimentar é a norma em países pobres e subdesenvolvidos, os quais requerem vultosas importações de alimentos. Para aliviar parcialmente essa situação, pesquisas de cunho agrícola devem ser reforçadas. Como ramos das ciências básicas, a fisiologia vegetal e a fisiologia da produção têm sido freqüentemente criticadas por não traduzirem seus resultados de pesquisa em melhoria da produtividade. Este artigo é focado nesse tema, apresentando uma avaliação das realizações pretéritas da pesquisa fisiológica e de seus impactos sobre o melhoramento das culturas e sobre a produção de alimentos. Discutem-se deficiências e limitações de pesquisas isoladas e de pouca relevância, juntamente com opiniões do cientista sobre como pesquisas efetivas na área da fisiologia devem ser conduzidas e integradas dentro de equipes de pesquisa multidisciplinares associadas ao melhoramento vegetal. Exemplos de pesquisas de sucesso na fisiologia da produção e suas contribuições para aumentar a produtividade agrícola são apresentados. Todos esses aspectos apontam para a necessidade de pronto financiamento da pesquisa básica por setores públicos e privados de países desenvolvidos. Palavras-chave: agricultura, ecofisiologia, ecossistemas, estresse hídrico, fotoperíodo, fotossíntese C 4 , hormônios, melhoramento, produtividade, solo, tolerância à seca Agricultural research and development plays an essential role in a nation s economic development, providing for food security for an ever-increasing population. In developed countries, the gap between potential and actual yield is largely closed because of a combination of advanced technologies, high-yielding new varieties and the application of agrochemicals in highly mechanized production systems. In most of these countries, agricultural production exceeds national demand, resulting in excess products for export. In many of the developing countries, however, agricultural productivity is still far below what it should be because of multiple technical and socio-economic constraints. Food deficits are the norm in poor and middle-income countries, requiring expensive food imports. To partially alleviate this situati...

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The Greenhouse Effect: Acclimation of Tomato Plants Growing in High CO₂, Photosynthesis and Ribulose-1, 5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Protein

Cited by 149 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in Growth CO2 Result in Rapid Adjustments of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Small Subunit Gene Expression in Expanding and Mature Leaves of Rice

Changes in Growth CO2 Result in Rapid Adjustments of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Small Subunit Gene Expression in Expanding and Mature Leaves of Rice

The effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ on lipid metabolism in leaves from mature wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Hereward) plants

Utility of basic research in plant/crop physiology in relation to crop improvement: a review and a personal account

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The Greenhouse Effect: Acclimation of Tomato Plants Growing in High CO2, Photosynthesis and Ribulose-1, 5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Protein

Cited by 149 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in Growth CO2 Result in Rapid Adjustments of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Small Subunit Gene Expression in Expanding and Mature Leaves of Rice

Changes in Growth CO2 Result in Rapid Adjustments of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Small Subunit Gene Expression in Expanding and Mature Leaves of Rice

The effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on lipid metabolism in leaves from mature wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Hereward) plants

Utility of basic research in plant/crop physiology in relation to crop improvement: a review and a personal account

Contact Info

Product

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The Greenhouse Effect: Acclimation of Tomato Plants Growing in High CO₂, Photosynthesis and Ribulose-1, 5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Protein

The effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ on lipid metabolism in leaves from mature wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Hereward) plants