The gridded trihedral: a new polarimetric SAR calibration reflector

Sheen, D.R.; Johansen, E.L.; Elenbogen, L.P.; Kasischke, Eric S.

doi:10.1109/36.193791

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Ideally tuned corrugated surfaces are a well-known realization of soft and hard surfaces (SHSs) [1]- [3], although soft and hard surfaces can also be realized by other means [4], [5]. The corrugation is called ideally tuned if its geometric dimensions are chosen in such a way that the corrugated surface presents an ideal SHS for the incident electromagnetic wave for a selected wavelength.…”

Section: Methods Of Moments Analysis Of the Backscattering Properties mentioning

confidence: 99%

Method of Moments Analysis of the Backscattering Properties of a Corrugated Trihedral Corner Reflector

Hänninen¹,

Pitkonen²,

Nikoskinen³

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Ilari Hänninen, Mikko Pitkonen, Keijo I. Nikoskinen, and Jukka Sarvas, Method of moments analysis of the backscattering properties of a corrugated trihedral corner reflector, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 1167-1173, 2006. © 2006 IEEEReprinted with permission.This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE d oe s n ot i n an y w ay i m pl y I E E E e n d or s em en t of an y of Hel si n ki Un i v e r si ty of Technology's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org.By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 54, NO. 4, APRIL 2006 1167 Method of Moments Analysis of the Backscattering Properties of a Corrugated Trihedral Corner ReflectorIlari Hänninen, Mikko Pitkonen, Keijo I. Nikoskinen, Senior Member, IEEE, and Jukka Sarvas, Member, IEEE Abstract-A method of moments (MoM) formulation is developed to analyze the backscattering properties of an anisotropic trihedral corner reflector, which is obtained by corrugating one or several of its interior faces. The proposed formulation treats the corrugated surface as ideally tuned to the incident wave frequency. The numerical analysis of the studied structures has been done using closed-form formulas and accurate numerical integration. The focus of the study reported in this paper has been the polarization responses of ideally tuned corrugated reflectors, which have interesting properties, particularly regarding elliptically or circularly polarized waves. We numerically verify that an appropriately corrugated reflector returns elliptically and circularly polarized waves with the same handedness as the incident wave. For a linearly polarized incident wave, the corner reflector is able to rotate them by 90 . Also the effect of the direction of the corrugation to the backscattering properties is studied. Index Terms-Corner reflector, electromagnetic scattering, method of moments (MoM), radar cross-section (RCS), soft and hard surface (SHS). I. INTRODUCTIONT RIHEDRAL corner reflectors are widely used as location markers and calibration targets in radar technology and remote sensing. They have a high backscattering radar cross-section over a wide angular range, they do not require any power to operate, they are mechanically easy to construct, and they can also be operated in difficult conditions. Conventional trihedral corner reflectors, i.e., reflectors made from a perfect electric conductor (PEC) material return linearly polarized incident electromagnetic waves with the same polarization but they reverse the handedness of elliptically and circularly polarized incident waves. Depolarizing trihedral corner reflectors, however, retain...

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Section: Methods Of Moments Analysis Of the Backscattering Properties mentioning

confidence: 99%

Method of Moments Analysis of the Backscattering Properties of a Corrugated Trihedral Corner Reflector

Hänninen¹,

Pitkonen²,

Nikoskinen³

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…The target is essentially a standard trihedral with one surface replaced with a waveguide that preferentially reflects and transmits linear polarizations [5]. The result is a target with a wide scattering pattern that does not require rotational alignment, but which provides a depolarizing signature for polarimetric calibration.…”

Section: Radiometric and Polarimetric Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updating GeoSAR for full-pol interferometric capability

Reis

Hensley

Williams

et al. 2009

2009 IEEE Radar Conference

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GeoSAR is a single pass, dual frequency (X-band and P-band) interferometric mapping radar designed to map both top vegetation canopies and the terrain beneath the canopy. This system was developed from 1998-2003 as a joint effort of NASA JPL and EarthData under sponsorship of DARPA and NGA. The system is flown on a G-II aircraft and maps 10-12 km swaths simultaneously on both sides of the aircraft to generate high quality DEMs and imagery at both X-band and P-band. The system was later augmented with a nadir-pointing lidar profiler system to generate highly accurate control points that can be used in generating large area mosaics. Over the last 5 years the field of polarimetric interferometry has shown great utility in mapping the top of canopies and the underlying terrain with a great deal of accuracy at both L-band and P-band. This paper discusses an upgrade of the GeoSAR dual-pol (HH, HV) P-band interferometer to a fully polarimetric interferometer (HH, HV, VH, VV). We present both hardware and processor changes to the GeoSAR system needed for fully polarimetric interferometric operation.

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“…In [28], Michelson et al introduced a modified algorithm for the point targetbased CP calibration derived from the Chen et al's technique using a depolarizing trihedral corner reflector. However, this reflector is difficult to fabricate due to its complex structure [29,30] and also no experimental results are given in this study. Hence, an investigation on the assessment of the calibration for CP systems is needed for upcoming CP-SAR missions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development and Comparison of Two Polarimetric Calibration Techniques for Ground-Based Circularly Polarized Radar System

Izumi

Demirci

Baharuddin³

et al. 2017

PIER B

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Abstract-Two techniques are described for the calibration of ground-based (GB) circularly polarized (CP) full polarimetric radars. The techniques are based on the point target calibration approach that uses various types of canonical reflectors with different orientations. Specifically, the calibration methods for linearly polarized (LP) radar proposed by Wiesbeck et al. and Gau et al. are selected and adapted to CP with suitable reflectors. The applicability of the techniques is examined through C-band scatterometric and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements in an anechoic chamber. For the scatterometric mode, comparisons of calibrated channel imbalances with theoretical values show agreement within ±0.3 dB in amplitude and ±5 • in phase. The crosstalk between the channels is also reduced by ∼ 5 to 30 dB after calibration. For the SAR mode, calibrated scattering matrix of a vertical wire target exhibits significant elimination of distortions between channel amplitudes and phases. The effect of calibration on target parameter retrieval is also investigated through the Cloud-Pottier eigenvector-based decomposition. Both calibration techniques are shown to yield improved accuracy of entropy-alpha (H-ᾱ) distributions and orientation angle (β) values.

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The gridded trihedral: a new polarimetric SAR calibration reflector

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Method of Moments Analysis of the Backscattering Properties of a Corrugated Trihedral Corner Reflector

Method of Moments Analysis of the Backscattering Properties of a Corrugated Trihedral Corner Reflector

Updating GeoSAR for full-pol interferometric capability

The Development and Comparison of Two Polarimetric Calibration Techniques for Ground-Based Circularly Polarized Radar System

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