The Grimm-Verner push chain and Contrast Preservation Theory

Noske, Roland

doi:10.1515/9783110295177.63

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…The first change affected the [d] sound and resulted in [t]. It can be explained by Grimm's law, which describes consonant shifts which occurred as the Proto-Germanic language developed from the Proto-Indo-European language (Noske 2012: 66, Rychło 2014: 200, Rychło 2017. The law states that the PIE sound [d] changed into [t] and that is exactly what can be observed in the described pair of cognates.…”

Section: > Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polish 'wydra' and English 'otter'

Rychło,

Retman-Wieczór

2023

beyond

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The aim of this paper is to trace the development and relationship between Polish wydra and English otter in a broader Indo-European context. The methodology of the research involves three steps: gathering cognates (to determine the time and place of attestation), identifying morphological structure and describing the sound changes that have occurred in two descending lines of development: one, from ProtoIndo-European *ud-r-eh2 leading to Polish wydra, and the other, from Proto-Indo-European *ud-r-o- to English otter. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the word for ‘otter’ in Proto-Indo-European must have had distinct masculine and feminine forms and, structurally, represents a substantivized adjective meaning ‘aquatic’: its root was the zero-grade form of PIE *uod-r/n- ‘water’ and the -r- suffix used to perform the adjectival function.

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Section: > Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polish 'wydra' and English 'otter'

Rychło,

Retman-Wieczór

2023

beyond

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Review

Hall¹

2013

Phonology

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There are several different things that a book titled The phonology of contrast could be about. Although contrast is widely held to play an important role in phonology, there is considerably less agreement as to exactly what kind of contrast is important, or what exactly that role is (see Hall 2011 for an overview and discussion). Some theories of contrast (e.g. Dresher 2009) posit a special status for features that serve to distinguish phonemes ; others (e.g. Flemming 2004) posit constraints that mandate perceptual distinctness in the phonetic realisation of contrasting segments.This book, revised and expanded from Kubowicz's dissertation (2003), focuses primarily on contrast at the level of the word, and explores cases of contrast transformation, in which words that contrast underlyingly in one property are mapped onto surface forms that differ in some other property, while the original contrast is neutralised. Kubowicz argues for what she calls PC (' preserve contrast ') theory, a version of Optimality Theory in which there are constraints specifically mandating the preservation of input contrasts (as distinct from traditional faithfulness constraints, which mandate the preservation of various properties of individual input forms). The theory is illustrated by application to three kinds of phenomena, each of which involves some form of opacity, a perennial problem for classic Optimality Theory. Chapter 2, which introduces most of the formal apparatus of the theory, looks at chain shifts, primarily in Finnish vowels, Chapter 3 deals with the interaction between epenthesis and stress in Arabic dialects and Chapter 4 presents an analysis of allomorph selection in Polish. These three case studies are bracketed by a brief introductory chapter, which outlines the premise and motivation of the theory, and a very brief conclusion.

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Grimm’s Law and Verner’s Law

Stenbrenden

2022

Current Issues in Linguistic Theory

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This paper gives a unified account of Grimm’s and Verner’s Laws in light of findings from experimental phonetics. The Germanic stress shift and stress placement shift are separate phenomena, and I argue that Iverson & Salmons’ (2003) shift in ‘articulatory setting’ corresponds to the former, and that the shift in how prosodic emphasis was expressed, from high pitch to dynamic stress, set Grimm’s Law in motion, because a phonetic correlate of dynamic stress is higher subglottal pressure. Increased subglottal pressure induced aspiration, affrication and spirantisation in Proto-Indo-European (PIE) voiceless stops and devoicing in voiced stops. The voiced aspirates became fricatives, which were allophones of voiced stops; these fricative allophones later fell together with the main plosive allophones to produce Germanic voiced stops.

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The Grimm-Verner push chain and Contrast Preservation Theory

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Polish 'wydra' and English 'otter'

Polish 'wydra' and English 'otter'

Review

Grimm’s Law and Verner’s Law

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