The gross anatomy of the parathyroid glands

Gilmour, J. R.

doi:10.1002/path.1700460113

Cited by 171 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Prior to that, Madelung [2] in 1867 had noted this structure for the first time and described it as the "posterior horn of the thyroid". In 1938, Gilmour [3] reported an anatomical relationship between the ZT and the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the superior parathyroid (SP). However, the issue of the ZT as an anatomical landmark has largely been of little interest to surgeons [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Zuckerkandl's Tubercle: A Useful Anatomical Landmark for Detecting both the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and the Superior Parathyroid during Thyroid Surgery

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Zuckerkandl's tubercle (ZT) is a well-documented anatomical structure. This study evaluated ZT anatomical characteristics in terms of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the superior parathyroid (SP). The study involved 325 (10 with benign tumors and 315 with malignancies) patients who underwent thyroidectomy between February and June 2007. ZTs were classified according to size: Grade 0 (unrecognizable), Grade I (≤5 mm), Grade II (6~10 mm) and Grade III (>10 mm). The incidence and size of the ZT and its positional relationship to the RLN and SP were investigated during thyroid surgery. ZTs were identified in most patients (right 89.3%, left 85.6%). The distribution of ZTs according to grade was as follows: Grade 0, right 10.7% and left 14.4%; Grade I, right 7.9% and left 11.1%; Grade II, right 43.5% and left 38.5%; and Grade III, right 37.9% and left 35.9%. The most common RLN course was in a groove between the ZT and the main body of the thyroid. The majority of SPs were cranial to the ZT which was located at the 1 or 2 o'clock position (96.1%) in the left, and at 10 or 11 o'clock (95.2%) in the right. The smaller the size of the ZT, the greater the distance between the ZT and the SP. There was a constant relationship between the ZT and RLN and SP. Therefore, an identification of ZT and an understanding of the relationship between the ZT and RLN and SP are essential for performing safe thyroid surgery.

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confidence: 99%

The Zuckerkandl's Tubercle: A Useful Anatomical Landmark for Detecting both the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and the Superior Parathyroid during Thyroid Surgery

et al. 2008

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“…Previous studies have reported a total of four glands in 78.6-97.5% of cases (Gilmour 1938;Akerström et al 1984;Gomes et al 2007;Hojaij et al 2011). Different percentages of cases with fewer than four glands are described in the literature.…”

Section: Number Of Parathyroid Glandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parathyroid Glands

Yalçın¹

2016

Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation

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“…In MEN 2A, it was realized that HPT is mild and only involves glands that can be removed. 4,7 Parathyroid carcinoma was described by Russell Wilder in 1929. By the year 1953, 120 cases of parathyroid carcinoma had been reported.…”

Section: Spread Of Parathyroid Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Later Halsted and Evans, 3 in 1907, detailed the human parathyroid blood supply. In 1938 John Gilmour, 4 during autopsy in 400 cases, found 4 parathyroids in 87% of cases, 3 in 6%, and 2 in 0.2%. Five glands were found in 6%, and 6 glands were found in in 0.5%.…”

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confidence: 98%

Vignette Hyperparathyroidism: Glimpse Into Its History

Dorairajan

Pradeep

2014

International Surgery

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The parathyroid gland was first described by Sir Richard Owen. Ivor Sandstrom coined the term glandulae parathyroidiae. Vassale and Generali Francesco observed that tetany occurs following parathyroidectomy. Harald Salvesen firmly established the relationship of the parathyroid gland to calcium metabolism. A patient with skeletal disease and a tumor near the parathyroid gland was described by Max Askanazy in 1904. Schlagenhaufer suggested in 1915 that in an attempt to cure bone disease, solitary parathyroid enlargement, if present, should be excised. The term hyperparathyroidism (HPT) was coined by Henry Dixon and colleagues. The parathyroid surgeries on Albert J. and Charles Martell were the first experience with successful parathyroidectomy. From a grossly symptomatic disease of bones, stones, abdominal groans, and psychic moans, HPT has evolved into asymptomatic HPT. Improvements in knowledge about the pathology of parathyroid diseases, including the genetic basis of HPT, and advances in the surgical techniques have brought about changes in the management of HPT over the decades.

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The gross anatomy of the parathyroid glands

Cited by 171 publications

References 11 publications

The Zuckerkandl's Tubercle: A Useful Anatomical Landmark for Detecting both the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and the Superior Parathyroid during Thyroid Surgery

The Zuckerkandl's Tubercle: A Useful Anatomical Landmark for Detecting both the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and the Superior Parathyroid during Thyroid Surgery

Parathyroid Glands

Vignette Hyperparathyroidism: Glimpse Into Its History

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