The Ground Temperature Effect on Cosmic-Ray Muons at Mid latitude City

Atmospheric Effect on Cosmic Ray Muons at High Cut-Off Rigidity Station

“…These electronic circuits and temperature and pressure sensors are designed as part of a collaborative project with the University of Adelaide, Australia. Detailed descriptions for this detector and calibration procedures are given elsewhere (Maghrabi et al, 2011) [17,18]. The detector was installed in the fourth building of KACST's main building and has been in operation since July 2002.…”

“…The temperature correction is rather complicated and several methods have been developed to account for it. Some workers have used the temperature at screen levels [14][15][16][17][18]; others used the weighted temperature, which is a measure of temperature over the whole atmospheric profile [12,13,19], while still others used the temperature at the pion production level [20]. It has been found (e.g., [12,13,15]) that the method of weighted temperature (i.e., the integration method) is the most reasonable procedure to correct for the temperature effect on cosmic ray muons.…”

Atmospheric- Weighted Temperature and its influence on Cosmic Ray muons

“…Weighted temperatures were calculated using two definitions: dry and wet temperatures. The dry weighted temperature can be calculated using the following equation [6,7,9]:…”

“…Although the barometric effect correction, in which atmospheric pressure at the detector level needs to be known [5], is simple, the temperature effect is rather difficult and needs to be determined by the overall profile of the temperature at all altitudes of the atmosphere. The effect of the atmospheric temperature on the muon count rate is usually studied by considering the temperature and/or the height of the pion production level [6][7][8][9][10]. On the other hand, the integrated temperature of an isothermal atmosphere with its varying conditions is sometimes calculated to study the influence of the atmospheric temperature on the detected muons.…”

Study of the Forbush Decrease Event of October- November 2003 observed with High Cutoff Rigidity Muon Detector at Riydah, Sau

“…Data were acquired every 15 minutes; corresponding atmospheric pressure and room temperature were also recorded. The detector has been in operation since July 2002, and more details of the detection system are given in [14][15][16].…”