The Group Composition of Metal Compounds in Soil as an Index of Soil Ecological State

Abstract

A system of indices for assessing the soil ecological state as based upon the group composition of heavy metal compounds in soils is proposed. The group composition of heavy metal were determined using combined fractionation including sequential and parallel extractions (1 N NH4Ac, pH 8; 1% EDTA in NH4Ac and 1 N HCl). It was shown that strongly bound compounds of Zn and Pb prevail in the original chernozem, mainly in silicates. Among mobile metal compounds, those specifically sorbed forms are predominant. At the additional input of Zn and Pb into the soil, the equilibrium in the system of metal compounds is shifted toward an increase in metal mobility. The analysis of the group composition of metal compounds was allowed to identify mechanisms of amendments effects on the metals mobility in soil and assess their efficiency. Application of chalk and glauconite leads to decreasing the Pb and Zn mobility.

?Hemical Equilibrium of Soil Solution in Steppe Zone Soil

“…Communications between associated ions are not as strong as in molecules, but diverse (Endovitsky et al, 2014a;2014b;Hunenberger and Reif, 2011;Stoyanov et al, 2011;Raiteri et al, 2012;Dave and Dikshit, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012;Mandzhieva et al, 2014;Tertre et al, 2011).…”

“…In procedure of soil sample preparation the soil was crushed and sifted through openings 2 mm, than mixed with quartz sand in the ratio 1:2 (Endovitsky et al, 2014a;2014b;Mandzhieva et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2012;Tertre et al, 2011;Minkina et al, 2013) charged into a glass tube, inner diameter of 3.4 cm, length 100 cm. At the bottom of a tube was mounted draining outlet of excessive solution.…”

“…In the recent years the imporved methods of direct ion pair study are used (Westerlund et al, 2011;Bešter-Rogač et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2014;Shatti et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012;Tertre et al, 2011;Wiatrak, 2014;Jiang et al, 2012;Saito, 2013;Minkina et al, 2013;Minkina et al, 2012;Sushkova et al, 2013;Kalinichenko et al, 2011;2012a;2012b;2014;Mandzhieva et al, 2014;El Marazky et al, 2011).…”

Effect of Heavy Metals on the Enzymatic Activity of Haplic Chernozem under Model Experimental Conditions

“…Chemical contamination is frequently due to the input of Heavy Metals (HMs) into the soil. The specific ability of soil to sorb and distribute the arriving HMs among its components determines the state of the entire ecosystem of current interest is an objective estimation of the ecological status of soils, which is reduced to the revelation of factors determining the toxicity level of the contamination (Chaplygin et al, 2014;Minkina et al, 2015;2017a;Hu et al, 2014;Mandzhieva et al, 2014). The biological activity of soils is an essential parameter of their ecological status.…”

Technological characteristics of glauconite rocks in Bakchar deposit (Western Siberia)

“…Due to its specific properties -coloring oxides, active potassium cations, laminated structureglauconite is a valuable source applicable in agriculture. These minerals are used as compound mineral fertilizers, in livestock farming and fishery, production of emulsion and oil paints, water waste treatment etc [14][15][16][17][18]. Glauconite fraction in agriculture concentrates should be more than 40 % (average 60…70 %).…”