The growing complexity of content delivery networks: Challenges and implications for the Internet ecosystem

Stocker, Volker; Smaragdakis, Georgios; Lehr, William; Bauer, Steven

doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2017.02.004

Cited by 73 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Content delivery networks (CDNs) [26,45,51] were introduced to address the aforementioned problems and achieve commercialgrade performance of Internet applications. This can be realized using dierent architectures [45,69,70]. Some of them, e.g., Limelight, deploy servers at data centers that provide good connectivity with a number of networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steering hyper-giants' traffic at scale

Pujol¹,

Poese²,

Zerwas³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies

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Large content providers, known as hyper-giants, are responsible for sending the majority of the content trac to consumers. These hyper-giants operate highly distributed infrastructures to cope with the ever-increasing demand for online content. To achieve commercial-grade performance of Web applications, enhanced enduser experience, improved reliability, and scaled network capacity, hyper-giants are increasingly interconnecting with eyeball networks at multiple locations. This poses new challenges for both (1) the eyeball networks having to perform complex inbound trac engineering, and (2) hyper-giants having to map end-user requests to appropriate servers. We report on our multi-year experience in designing, building, rolling-out, and operating the rst-ever large scale system, the Flow Director, which enables automated cooperation between one of the largest eyeball networks and a leading hyper-giant. We use empirical data collected at the eyeball network to evaluate its impact over two years of operation. We nd very high compliance of the hyper-giant to the Flow Director's recommendations, resulting in (1) close to optimal user-server mapping, and (2) 15% reduction of the hyper-giant's trac overhead on the ISP's long-haul links, i.e., benets for both parties and end-users alike.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steering hyper-giants' traffic at scale

Pujol¹,

Poese²,

Zerwas³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is essential to understand the taxonomies of the CDN that are frequently considered by researchers. For this reason Figure1 highlights the conventional taxonomies of CDN system that are discussed in the work of Stocker et al [4] which offers an evidence of various forms of CDN system formed by the existing researchers. The different types of CDN are as follows: By looking into the above Figure1, it is now clear that a different form of networking system demands to utilize different CDN systems.…”

Section: Essentials Of Cdn Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

An Investigational Study and Analysis of Cloud-based Content Delivery Network: Perspectives

Jayakumar¹,

Prakash²,

Akki³

2018

ijacsa

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The content management includes a major technical strategy in the network paradigm of the internet which is called a Content delivery network. The design and the deployment of the CDN shall ensure optimal Quality of services (QoS). This paper aims to brief the taxonomy of the CDN along with its typical architecture. Much latest advancement in smartphones and smart devices which are content hungry require more efficient and reliable mechanism for the costeffective delivery of the contents irrespective of bottleneck constraints that leads to redesign the entire architecture of CDN on the cloud as CCDN or a new business model of CCDN as a service. The challenges of design for CCDN along with the evolved architecture are discussed in this paper.

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“…Many of these methods also apply in communication systems in different forms. As a distributed system, implementing distributive justice in communication networks come with their own set of challenges (Kurka & Pitt 2016a;Stocker et al 2017). Bandwidth, buffer space, processor cycles, battery life, frequency spectrum are some examples of the resource of economic values that are distributed among different entities and individuals.…”

Section: Prioritization Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributive justice in network communications

Moktan

Manner

2019

IJCNDS

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Communication networks often have limited resources to serve all users and flows, and therefore different network resource assignment schemes have been deployed that satisfy fairness notions such as max-min fairness or proportional fairness. The justification of why one notion suits over other must be given due analysis in designing and administrating of communication networks. We explore the development of such fairness notions and resource assignment policies from philosophical and economics roots and how they translate into network communications and its layered protocol architecture. We find that resource assignment policies are not commutative, which impacts communications traffic and its bidirectional nature. We observe the effect of prioritization in assigned resource amounts under different notions of the -fairness spectrum and when the proportion of prioritized participants is varied. After an exploratory discourse, we formulate steps for designing and administrating resource allocation schemes for network communications that takes distributive justice into consideration.Resource assignment designs attempt to obtain efficiency and optimal usage of the resources. Fairness and distributive justice are quite important factors in designing network resource assignment schemes. There are various implementations of resource assignment schemes that satisfy fairness notions such as max-min fairness, proportional fairness and others. But such implementations fail to justify one particular notion over another in any particular implementation. This is due to the lack of regard to social factors and the subjective nature of fairness while developing resource assignment algorithms in communications networks. Justice and fairness are social concepts and knowing how it is conveyed in the networking world is important for anyone trying to develop resource assignment schemes in the context of communication networks.In this paper, we highlight the translation of the commonly used fairness notions in communication networks resource assignment process to the broader philosophical concepts of social justice. We identify the different notions as belonging to different schools of justice principles. We explore the prevailing instruments of prioritization of individuals in the society for assignment of resources such as price, lottery, first-come-first-served, etc. By exploring a few resource assignment areas in communication networks and some prominent works of analysing fairness there, we follow our discussion by comparing and contrasting philosophical treatment of justice and fairness in society to that in the context of communications networks.Network traffic traverse various resource assignment nodes cascaded along the network path. Such nodes of differing policies morph into an aggregated policy resulting into different assigned resource amounts, whose fairness notions are not explained by traditional notions. Such resulting notions are of significance in designing network algorithms and architecture as well as the creatio...

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The growing complexity of content delivery networks: Challenges and implications for the Internet ecosystem

Cited by 73 publications

References 50 publications

Steering hyper-giants' traffic at scale

Steering hyper-giants' traffic at scale

An Investigational Study and Analysis of Cloud-based Content Delivery Network: Perspectives

Distributive justice in network communications

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