The growth and asymmetry of neighbouring plants of white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Solangaarachchi, S. M.; Harper, John L.

doi:10.1007/bf00377157

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In this regard, it is worth noting that only a few experimental plants made an attempt to ‘escape’ competition from its pair mate: the two plants in a tray either expanded until they formed a sharp contact zone, or more commonly, continued to expand into each others' territory by intermingling their shoot systems. These outcomes resemble those seen in an experiment with paired genotypes of Trifolium repens [32] and span the entire guerilla-phalanx continuum previously described for clonal plant species [33]. It would be interesting to carry out more extensive experiments, involving a range of different soil volumes and (or) inter-plant distances, to assess how different degrees of intermingling contribute to the indirect genetic effects observed in the study species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Indirect Genetic Effects from Competition in the Clonal Herb Sedum album (Crassulaceae)

Andersson

2014

PLoS ONE

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Recent years have seen increasing interest in indirect genetic effects, i.e. influences on the phenotype that depend on the genotype of other conspecific individuals; however, the empirical evidence for such effects is still limited, especially in wild plant species. The present study of the clonal herb Sedum album assessed direct and indirect genetic effects on performance-related traits in a 4-year experiment with clonally replicated genotypes, grown in pairs and differing in anthocyanin pigmentation to allow separation of individuals during data collection. In agreement with the existence of indirect genetic effects, the experimentally-paired plants not only expressed their own genotype but were also affected by the genotype of their pair mate. The effect of neighbour genotype explained up to one-fourth of the variation in performance and most likely resulted from competition, imposed by the close physical contact between paired individuals and the limiting conditions used in the garden environment. Indirect genetic effects from competition have the potential to enhance the efficacy of group-level selection relative to individual selection, given the nutrient-poor and spatially-confined substrate available to plants of S. album in the natural habitat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Indirect Genetic Effects from Competition in the Clonal Herb Sedum album (Crassulaceae)

Andersson

2014

PLoS ONE

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“…It is possible, therefore, that optimised performance in the particular grain of heterogeneity faced by a species results from co-evolution of all three of these traits. This might explain why T. repens growing in a fine-grained pastoral environment is considered strongly guerrilla relative to its companion grasses (Harper 1978(Harper , 1981(Harper , 1985Lovett-Doust and Lovett-Doust 1982;Sackville Hamilton et al 1987;Solangaarachchi and Harper 1989) even though its physiology (see Figs. 2 and 3), is not ranked at the guerrilla end of the scale.…”

Section: Physiological Processes Underpinning Inter-specific Variatiomentioning

confidence: 96%

Adaptive variation in physiological traits underpinning stem elongation responses among nodally-rooting stoloniferous herbs

Thomas

Hay

2007

Evol Ecol

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For nodally-rooting stoloniferous herbs a close physiological link exists between the growth of nodal roots and development of shoot tissues of phytomers distal to them. Furthermore, in Trifolium, presence of nodal roots at phytomers proximal to the youngest nodal root on a stem influences the allocation of carbon along the stem when that stem encounters a patch preventing further formation of nodal roots. In this study six further phylogenetically and morphologically diverse stoloniferous species, selected so that they varied along the phalanx-guerrilla continuum (Acaena (Rosaceae), Leptinella (Asteraceae), Mentha (Lamiaceae), Vinca (Apocynaceae), Lamiastrum (Lamiaceae) and Glechoma (Lamiaceae)), were used to test the null hypothesis: that in all stoloniferous species the proportional allocation of carbon to the youngest nodal root decreases if proximally located roots are present when their stems extend into an environment preventing further nodal rooting. As Glechoma and Lamiastrum failed to change their proportional allocation to the youngest nodal root whilst the other five species varied their proportional allocation, with the species with shortest internodes (Acaena and Leptinella) changing the most, we reject this hypothesis. In addition, upon the transition to a dry environment, internode lengths in species with longer internodes (Glechoma and Lamiastrum) were markedly increased (doubled) whilst those in species with shorter internodes showed no response. We suggest this response is driven by apical bud tissues sensing changes in the humidity of their micro-environment and then modifying the length of internodes developing proximal to them. The extent of both these physiological responses correlated linearly with internode length of species (or position along the phalanx-guerrilla continuum), suggesting that these three traits were co-evolving, possibly in response to variation in grain of environmental heterogeneity, in such a way that the trade-off between the explorative and exploitive components of growth was underpinned and the performance of species in particular niches optimised as a result.

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“…We do not think that our mutant phenotype was generated by genes that directly control leaf number. White clover shows remarkable phenotypic plasticity in its morphology in response to various environmental stresses, but those phenotypes are not heritable (Brock et al 1988;Solangaarachchi and Harper 1989;Sekera et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding of four-leaf white clover (Trifolium repens L.) through 60Co gamma-ray irradiation

Song

Kang

Kang³

et al. 2009

Plant Biotechnol Rep

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Four-leaf white clover is not found easily in nature due to its low appearance rate (1 in 10,000). Because people believe that it brings good luck and like to either keep it or present it to a loved one, it has commercial and ornamental value. To breed four-leaf clover, we exposed its flowers to c-rays at the pollination stage. The M 1 seeds produced following doses at 25-100 Gy showed an approximately 74% germination rate, with seedling survival at 46%. In the M 1 generation of plants irradiated within that dose range, we found an increased frequency of four leaflets. One of them, Jeju Lucky-1 (JL-1), had a frequency of about 60%. To see whether that mutation was somaclonal or genetic, we observed its M 2 generation and found that such a phenotype reappeared. Although our results demonstrated that the irradiation of fully mature flowers led to a higher frequency of 4-leaflets, we could not clearly explain the genetic mechanism involved. We suggest that JL-1 is valuable as a new variety, without further genetic fixation, because white clover can be propagated vegetatively by stolons.

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The growth and asymmetry of neighbouring plants of white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Indirect Genetic Effects from Competition in the Clonal Herb Sedum album (Crassulaceae)

Indirect Genetic Effects from Competition in the Clonal Herb Sedum album (Crassulaceae)

Adaptive variation in physiological traits underpinning stem elongation responses among nodally-rooting stoloniferous herbs

Breeding of four-leaf white clover (Trifolium repens L.) through 60Co gamma-ray irradiation

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