The Growth and Composition of Skeletal Muscle in the Chicken

Moss, F. P.; Simmonds, Ro-Kaye; McNary, H. W.

doi:10.3382/ps.0431086

Cited by 42 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Our results (Table 1) confirm the earlier observations in several different strains of growing chickens (Moss et al, 1964;Mizuno and Hikami, 1971;MacDonald and Swick, 1981). The developmental decrease in the concentration of nucleic acids and the increase in the DNA-unit size have been observed in the skeletal muscles of other strains of chicken as well (Mizuno and Hikami, 1971;Knitzetova et al, 1972;Cornejo et al, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

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Growth and Protein Turnover in the Skeletal Muscles of Broiler Chicks

1985

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Growth and protein turnover were examined in the breast (pectoralis thoracica) and the leg (gastrocnemius-peroneus) muscles of broiler chicks at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks posthatching. The fractional rate of protein synthesis (ks) was measured by an isotope emulsion method. The fractional degradation rate (kd) was calculated from the difference in ks and fractional deposition rate (kg), which was estimated from regression equations of muscle size and protein content on body weights. The growth rate (%/day) of skeletal muscle exceeded that of the whole body. Muscle growth involved an increase in the total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the DNA-unit size and a subsequent decrease in the concentrations of nucleic acids without alteration in the ribonucleic acid (RNA):DNA ratio and RNA and DNA activity. The ks in breast muscle protein fell markedly from 48 to 16%/day between 1 and 6 weeks posthatching, whereas in leg muscle, ks underwent a more gradual decrease; from 36 to 17%/day during the same period. These changes resulted mainly from the reduction of DNA and RNA concentrations with age. The kd decreased only slightly between 1 and 2 weeks in the both muscle groups. The kg also showed a developmental fall from 33 to 4%/day and from 21 to 4%/day in the breast and leg muscles, respectively, during the 5-week period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

“…In very young chicks, no significant differences in total DNA or nuclei in a whole muscle exists between slow-growing and fast-growing strains (Moss et al, 1964;Mizuno and Hikami, 1971). As age advances, however, total DNA in fast-growing chicks increases at a faster rate (Table 1) than in slow-growing birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Growth and Protein Turnover in the Skeletal Muscles of Broiler Chicks

1985

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“…A difference in the cytoplasm per nucleus in multinucleated muscle cells could mean either differentially hypertrophied fibers, with a constant nuclei number or a differential rate of nuclei formation during growth. Moss (16) postulated that in chickens the cytoplasm per nucleus was constant throughout posthatching growth, while Robinson ( 17) showed in pigs, and Winnick and Noble (18) in rats, an increasing ratio of cytoplasm per nucleus during early growth indicating a relatively greater rise in cytoplasmic constituents relative to DNA as growth proceeded. Table I presents the DNA, RNA, and protein concentrations of biopsies from 3 animals of each genotype.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…DNA has been used, therefore, as a reference substance against which to measure changes in other cytoplasmic constituents and also as a measure of the number of nuclei present in a given organ and tissue. Total wet weight of the muscle divided by the total DNA content provides an index of cytoplasm/nucleus, since the DNA content per nucleus is constant a t 2.5 X mg (16). The "cytoplasm per nucleus" provides an index of the cell numbers and cell size and, when measured during growth, an index of the rate of cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hereditary Muscular Hypertrophy in the Bovine I. Histological and Biochemical Characterization

Ashmore

Robinson

1969

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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“…While this experiment was in progress, Moss et al 6), working with the chicks of three breeds, reported that the number of nuclei of the skeletal muscle, which was computed from the content of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the muscle, increased 13-to 20-fold from hatching to 24 days of age. In agreement with Moss et al, we also observed a steady increase in DNA content of the skeletal muscle in the growing chicks.…”

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confidence: 99%